盲与贫困的关系  

Blindness and poverty

作　　者：孙葆忱[1] 胡爱莲[1] 吴敏[1] 张旭[1] 杨晓慧[1] 郑远远[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 北京同仁眼科中心 北京市眼科研究所 眼科学与视觉科学北京市重点实验室,100005

出　　处：《国际眼科纵览》2015年第6期361-367,共7页International Review of Ophthalmology

摘　　要：WHO估计全球有90％视觉损害患者生活在贫困线以下.盲患病率随着人均国民收入的增加而下降,年收入低于10 000～20 000美元时,盲率明显增高.白内障手术后患者贫困比例明显下降,患者灾难性卫生支出明显下降.全球每年由沙眼导致视觉损害及盲的生产力损失高达53亿美元.未矫正屈光不正引起的视觉损害,全球每年可造成2688亿国际元的生产力损失.与眼病相关的患者贫困收入比低于1.5的患者接受眼保健服务的机会明显少于贫困收入比高于5的患者.受教育为高中以下的患者,接受眼保健的机会明显低于教育程度在大学及以上的患者.盲与贫困联系密切,盲会导致贫困,而贫困也容易致盲.WHO estimates that globally 90% of patients with visual impairment are living below the poverty line.The rate of blindness decreases with the increase of national income, and when the annual income is lower than 10,000 to 20,000 USD, the rate of blindness markedly rises.After cataract surgery, the poverty rate within patients significantly decreases, with the catastrophic health expenditures of the patient going down.Each year the global productive forces loss due to vision impairment and blindness caused by trachoma is as much as 5.3 billion USD.Vision impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors can lead to a productive force loss of 268.8 billion Geary-Khamis Dollar.Patients relevant to eye diseases with poverty income ratio （PIR） lower than 1.5 have a significant poorer chance to receive an eye care than those who are with a PIR higher than 5.Patients with high school education or less have markedly lower chance to receive an eye care or dilated eye examination than those who have college education or higher.Poverty and blindness are closely related.Poverty induces blindness, and blindness could also exacerbate poverty.

关 键 词：贫困 盲 白内障 沙眼 青光眼 未矫正的屈光不正 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科]