人工纳米材料对植物-微生物影响的研究进展  

Review of Researches on Influences of Engineered Nanomaterials on Plantmicroorganisms

作　　者：曹际玲[1,2] 冯有智[1] 林先贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第1期1-11,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371255;41301267;41271256)资助~~

摘　　要：随着纳米科技的快速发展和纳米产品的广泛使用,人工纳米材料(ENMs)的环境生态效应研究逐渐成为国内外关注的热点。本文整合了ENMs的毒性机制,综述了ENMs对植物和微生物影响方面的研究进展。此外,鉴于植物与微生物之间存在的密切联系,进一步概述了植物和微生物对ENMs生态效应的反馈作用,揭示了植物和微生物的相互作用可影响ENMs对植物-微生物体系的生态效应。因此,将植物-微生物以及土壤作为一个整体是全面评价ENMs生态效应的关键,也是未来研究的发展方向。最后分析了目前研究中方法和技术等方面中存在的不足,提出了以后研究中应关注的重点。Engineered nanomaterials（ENMs）,a kind of intentionally produced materials formed of particles varying from 1 to 100 nm in particle size,possess unique physicochemical properties that are not shared by any of their corresponding bulk materials. Due to their unique physicochemical properties,ENMs are getting more and more extensive in application to a wide range of technical fields in human production and life. Hence,it has become inevitable for ENMs to get released into the environment. ENMs enter into farmlands with ENM-containing pesticides,fertilizers and slurries from wastewater treatment facilities,posing potential risks to agricultural ecosystems. Being the essential components of an agricultural ecosystem,plants and soil microorganisms play critical roles affecting fate and transport of ENMs in the environment though adsorption,uptake and bioaccumulation. Therefore,how they affect plants and microorganisms ecologically attracts increasing attention from researchers the world over. Their researches may provide some valuable information to a better understanding of the consequences of introducing ENMs into ecosystems. Besides,as plants and microorganisms are closely related to each other,interact with each other and mutually influence each other,they form a plant-microorganism ecosystem. In this review,influences of ENMs on plants and microorganisms in the ecosystem are summarized. First,mechanisms of the potential ecotoxicities of ENMs and their relationships with the special properties of ENMs were collated and then researches of influences of ENMs on plants,soil microorganisms and plant-microorganism ecosystems were expounded. The review reveals that ENMs may have some impacts,varying in degree,on plant and microbes,and degree of the impact is related to kind of ENMs and species of the object and could be divided into three categories,negative,positive and insignificant. Moreover,researches have found plants and microbes may have some potentials to affect bioavailability of ENMs,which may serve as feed

关 键 词：纳米材料 植物 土壤微生物 生态效应 反馈作用 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]