美国幼儿饮食营养教育的实施背景与形式及对我国的启示  

On Early Childhood Nutrition Education in America and Its Inspiration

作　　者：陈旭微[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江温州大学教师教育学院,温州325035

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2016年第3期15-28,共14页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：浙江省教育厅一般科研项目"学前儿童饮食营养教育中的项目课程设计与开发研究"(批准号:Y201533185)

摘　　要：为降低因营养不均或生活方式不当引起的、逐年上升的儿童超重率和肥胖率,美国开展了形式多样的专门的和随机的幼儿饮食营养教育,有的由政府倡导,有的由研究者发起;有的针对重要他人,有的则直接关注幼儿。为确保政府资助项目顺利运行,美国颁布了多个法案规定学校食品的营养标准,并对幼儿能接触到食物的地方进行监管,同时还对与项目运行相关的人员开展了免费的营养教育和培训。从效果来看,有目的、无计划、生成性的随机幼儿饮食营养教育形式,特别是榜样示范法饮食营养教育、可获得性和便利性饮食营养教育、食物加工式饮食营养教育等形式有助于端正幼儿饮食营养态度,纠正其不良饮食行为。我国应借鉴美国以立法形式推进饮食营养教育项目的成功经验,完善现阶段正在农村义务教育阶段实施的学生营养午餐计划,并应将这一计划延伸至幼儿园阶段;应设计和实施科学系统的饮食营养教育与培训,努力提高儿童身边重要他人的饮食营养知识、态度和行为,并保证其达到相应的岗位要求,能够对幼儿实施参与式饮食营养教育,促使幼儿养成可持续的健康饮食行为;应对幼儿饮食营养教育的实施现状与效果进行长期跟踪研究,揭示幼儿饮食营养教育实践中切实存在的问题,能用客观真实的大数据为政府科学决策提供有说服力的依据。There are many forms of children＇s dietary nutrition education adopted in the United States to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity which are caused by nutritional imbalance or ill life style. Some are carried out by the government, others by researchers; some aim at significant others, others point at children. There are some bills signed into laws in America to ensure the smooth running of programs aided by the government. Purposive, unplanned and generative random children＇s nutrition education, for example model education method, available and convenient method, or manufactured food method, has been proved effective in terms of improving children＇s nutritional knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. We can learn much from American children＇s nutrition education. First of all, we should strengthen legislative measures to ensure nutrition education programs to move smoothly. Secondly, we should design and take into practice scientific training programs to improve significant others＇ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about nutrition. Significant others with healthy dining behavior can give positive impacts on children＇s developing a sustainable healthy dining behavior. Lastly, we should also conduct long-term followed-up researches to reveal the real problems of children＇s nutrition education and help the government make the right policy.

关 键 词：儿童饮食 儿童营养 饮食营养教育 儿童健康教育 

分 类 号：G617[文化科学—学前教育学]