优秀女子跳高运动员助跑、起跳阶段运动学比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Elite Female High Jumpers' Kinematics in the Run-up nd Take-off Phase

作　　者：张艳[1] 张建[2] 程亮[3] 

机构地区：[1]成都工业学院,四川成都611730 [2]中国民航飞行学院,四川广汉618301 [3]四川省运动技术学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2016年第1期109-113,共5页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：四川省教育发展研究中心课题(CJF15015)

摘　　要：探讨优秀女子背越式跳高运动员动作的运动学特点,比较健将(n=6)与一级组(n=8)在助跑、起跳阶段运动学参数差异,为运动员科学训练提供定量依据。对身高、体重相配匹的健将和一级组成功完成的背越式跳高全过程进行三维录像拍摄,Simi Motion9.01采集的运动学数据进行组间独立样本t检验,并与成绩进行person相关分析。结果显示:(1)助跑阶段:健将组倒3步、2步、1步重心合速度显著大于一级组(P<0.05),倒1步后倾角显著小于一级组(P<0.05);(2)起跳阶段:健将组内倾角变化幅度、起跳腿髋关节蹬伸幅度、重心变化幅度非常显著大于一级组(P<0.01),起跳腿着地时相重心垂直速度、离地时相重心高度显著大于一级组(P<0.05);(3)倒1-3步重心合速度、起跳蹬伸过程髋、踝关节角度、内倾角和重心高度变化幅度与成绩显著正相关;倒1步后倾角、起跳时相摆动腿角速度、起跳腿着地时相内倾角与成绩显著负相关。The paper investigated the kinematic characteristics of elite female Fosbury Flop jumpers and compared the kinematic difference between high- level jumpers（ n = 6） and level- 1 jumpers（ n = 8） in their run- up and take- off stage to provide quantitative basis for athletes＇ scientific training. The researchers recorded the Fosbury Flop process of both high- level jumpers and level- 1 jumpers with 3D video camera,and analyzed the two groups＇ kinematics data collected with Simi Motion 9. 01 using an independent sample t- test,and made a person correlation analysis together with their scores. Results：（ 1） In the run- up stage,the gravity resultant velocity of the high- level jumpers in countdown step 3,step 2 and step 1 was significantly greater than the level- 1jumpers（ P〈0. 05）,and high- level jumpers＇ caster angle in countdown 1 is significantly smaller than the level- 1 jumpers（ P〈0. 05）;（ 2） In the take- off stage,the high- level jumpers had bigger angle of toe- in,stretching range of the hip on the take- off leg,range of gravity shift than the level- 1 jumpers（ P〈0.01）,Both the vertical gravity velocity of the take- off leg at the landing moment and the height of the gravity off the ground at the take- off moment were significantly higher than that of level- 1 jumpers（ P〈0. 05）;（ 3）In countdown step 1- 3,the gravity resultant velocity and the jumping,pushing and stretching angles of both hip and ankle,their angles of toe- in,and the height of gravity presented a remarkable correlation. In countdown step 1,the caster angle and the angular velocity of the swinging leg,and angle of toe- in of the take- off leg at the landing moment were in significant negative correlation.

关 键 词：女子 背越式跳高 运动学分析 助跑 起跳 

分 类 号：G823.1[文化科学—体育训练]