秦淮河沉积物中营养盐及相关酶活性时空变异特征及其响应关系研究  

Temporal and spatial variability and its response relationship of nutrients and relevant enzymatic activities in the sediments of Qinhuai River

作　　者：赵振华[1,2] 曹晶晶[1,2] 刘月利[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京210098 [2]河海大学环境学院,南京210098

出　　处：《南京大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期36-45,共10页Journal of Nanjing University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金(41230640);国家自然科学基金(41371307)

摘　　要：以南京市典型城市景观河道—秦淮河主城区段为研究对象,通过对主城区段内外秦淮河20个典型点位沉积物秋冬2个批次的采样及分析,研究了沉积物中脲酶、磷酸酶和荧光素水解酶及氮磷营养盐的时空变异特征及其响应关系.结果表明,研究区域河道沉积物中的营养盐及相应酶活性的时空变异均较为显著.氮、磷及有机质含量大多数都超过了丰富标准值,是典型的低碳高氮水体;碱性磷酸酶和荧光素水解酶的时空变异性较为一致,均为冬季高于秋季,而脲酶则正好相反.聚类、主成分、典型相关分析(CCA)及相关性分析表明,荧光素二乙酸酯(简写为FDA)水解酶与磷酸酶和全磷的时空变异特征比较一致,呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),由于FDA水解酶可以代表微生物的总体活性,因此,研究区域沉积物中磷酸酶的来源很可能主要来自微生物.其次,FDA水解酶又与氮营养盐均显著负相关(P<0.05),且与脲酶弱负相关,说明脲酶可能并不主要来自微生物,且沉积物中总微生物的高活性,有利于水体中氮污染物的削减.This paper focus on the typical urban landscape rivers-Qinhuai River in Nanjing downtown,the sediments of 20 typical sites in internal and external Qinhuai River were monitored by two batches of samples analysis of sediments in autumn and winter.Temporal and spatial variability and their response relationship of urease,alkaline phosphatase,fluoresceindiacetate（FDA）hydrolase and environmental indexes including nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the sediments were studied.Results showed that the temporal and spatial variability ofnutrients and related enzyme activities in the sediment in the corresponding area are significant.Most of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter content exceeded the standard values of rich level,and Qinhuai River is a typical water body with low-carbon and high-nitrogen.Temporal and spatial variability of alkaline phosphatase was consistent with fluoresceindiacetate hydrolase,both of their enzyme activities in winter are more than those in autumn,while the urease was just the opposite.The analysis of clustering,principal component,canonical correlation and correlation analysis showed that the temporal and spatial variation of FDA hydrolase,phosphatase and total phosphorus showed a significant positive correlation（P〈0.05）.Since the FDA hydrolase activity can be representative of the activity of total microorganisms,therefore,the source of phosphatase in the sediments of study area may be mainly derived from microorganisms.Secondly,FDA hydrolase significantly negatively correlated with nitrogen nutrients（P〈0.05）,and weakly negatively correlated with urease,indicating that the main sources for urease may be not from microorganisms,and the high activity of microorganisms in sediment may be beneficial to reduction of nitrogen pollutants.

关 键 词：沉积物 微生物酶 统计分析 交互作用 

分 类 号：TP181[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]