颅骨三维模型制作和数据库的构建  

3D digital models of skull production and database construction

作　　者：税午阳[1] 周明全[1] 杜国光[1] 纪元[2] 邓擎琼[1] 周颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学信息科学与技术学院,北京100875 [2]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2016年第1期1-4,8,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61402042);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2013YB70;2013YB72)

摘　　要：目的采用激光扫描深度图像法和CT影像法,制作颅骨模型,并建立无身源颅骨模型数据库。方法收集各省(区)送检的59例无身源颅骨样本,采用三维激光扫描仪进行颅骨深度图像的采集;采用多排螺旋CT进行颅骨断层影像数据的采集。分别经处理后建立颅骨三维模型。利用3D打印技术实现数字颅骨模型的实体复制。建立具有颅骨信息查询和三维模型显示的无身源颅骨模型数据库。结果采用深度图像法可以获得颅骨的外表面模型,且通过调整扫描仪的参数使细节特征更清晰。采用CT断层影像法可以重建颅骨的内、外部结构,且对于牙齿具有更好的重建结果。建立数据库并将59例无身源颅骨样本信息和三维模型纳入数据库。结论三维建模和3D打印技术可实现对颅骨的重建和模型复制。无身源颅骨数据库的构建,可实现存储和管理颅骨样本的各类信息和三维数据,有助于查询和信息共享,对法医学实践有积极的应用价值。Objective This paper proposed two various approaches to produce 3D digital models of unidentified skulls,including range images capturing from laser scanner and medical images from Computed Tomography（ CT）. We construct the database on the basis of digital models. Methods A total of 59 unidentified skulls were collected,provided by police security bureau of different provinces. We adopted laser scanner to acquire range images from different views and CT technology to obtain the series of medical images so as to create digital models. 3D printing（ 3DP） technology was used to produce lifelike replicates.Furthermore,the database was constructed,which can perform information retrieval and model rendering.Results The use of range images was suitable for modeling the out layer surface of the skull,and acquiring the details by setting scanner parameters. The use of CT images was to construct both out layer and inner structure models,especially obtaining the complete and accurate models for teeth. Furthermore,a total of59 unidentified skulls,including skull information and models were archived in database. Conclusion The hybrid techniques combining 3D modeling and 3DP produced both digital and physical skull models. The database archived and managed types of information and 3D models of unidentified skulls,which assisted forensic experts to easily retrieve and share useful information. Hence,related works played a significant role in the application of forensic science.

关 键 词：法医人类学 数据库 三维建模 三维打印 颅骨 

分 类 号：D919.4[医药卫生—法医学]