采前避雨栽培影响桃果实采后贮藏品质  

Postharvest performance of peach in cold storage is influenced by preharvest rain-shelter cultivation

作　　者：吴大军 陈妙金 孙奇男 吴磊[2] 张波[2] 殷学仁[2] 徐昌杰[2] 陈昆松[2] 

机构地区：[1]奉化市水蜜桃研究所,浙江宁波315502 [2]浙江大学果实品质生物学实验室·浙江省园艺植物整合生物学研究与应用重点实验室,杭州310029

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第1期96-105,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：863计划项目(2011AA100807,2012AA101702);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD19B05)

摘　　要：【目的】桃果实的贮藏研究主要包括品质维持技术研发及调控机制分析,有关采前生产措施对于采后贮藏品质的报道相对较少。【方法】研究选取水蜜桃品种‘湖景蜜露’(Prunus persica L.Batsch‘Hujingmilu’)为材料,以露地栽培为对照,开展避雨栽培桃果实在采后低温贮藏及货架期间的品质分析。【结果】避雨栽培果实置于0℃贮藏21 d转货架3 d发生果肉组织褐变等冷害症状,对照果实出现冷害的时间为28 d转货架。不同栽培模式来源果实的蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖等可溶性糖含量,以及苹果酸和柠檬酸等有机酸含量的显著差异主要发生在低温贮藏21 d转货架3 d,整个贮藏过程中的糖酸比含量在不同处理中并无显著差异。电子鼻的统计质量控制(SQC)分析结果显示,避雨栽培果实在采后低温贮藏期间与对照样品存在感官品质差异。顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用(SPME-GC-MS)分析发现低温后转货架发生冷害的避雨栽培果实内酯类、酯类、呋喃类和降异戊二烯等挥发性物质显著含量低于对照果实,冷害越严重浓度越低。对于具体挥发性物质而言,乙酸己酯、顺-3-乙酸己烯酯、反-2-乙酸己烯酯、γ-癸内酯等在避雨栽培果实低温贮藏转货架后显著低于对照。【结论】相对于露地栽培措施,避雨栽培桃果实在采后低温贮藏过程中更易发生冷害,主要症状包括果肉褐变、组织不能正常软化,蔗糖含量减少,果香型的内酯类和酯类物质含量下降。【Objective】Rain shelters have been proven to significantly increase both yield and profits inthe main production area of southeast China,where too much rainfall has long been a problem for main-taining high yield and good quality. Postharvest biology and technology of peach fruit mainly focus on tech-niques that could alleviate chilling induced disorders and regulation mechanisms,however,the effects ofpreharvest cultivation,such as rain shelters,on changes in fruit quality-related attributes during posthar-vest storage are not well understood. So the effects of rain shelters on postharvest performance of peachfruit were investigated in the present study.【Methods】Melting peach [Prunus persica（L.） Batsch‘Hujing-milu＇] were grown under rain shelter and in open field for treatment and control,respectively. For therain-shelter cultivation,colorless polyethylene（PE） film（0.5 mm thickness） was applied at beginning ofthe rainy Meiyu season in late June 3 weeks before harvest. Fruits were harvested on the same day,andscreened for uniform size and without visible defects of decay. For postharvest low temperature storage,fruit were stored at 0 ℃ with a relative humidity of 90% for 21 and 28 d followed by transfer to 20 ℃ for 3d. Fruit skin color,firmness and internal browning（IB） were measured at each sampling stage. The contents of soluble sugars and organic acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. For determination of soluble sugars,an Intersil amino column（4.6 mm×250 mm） with a columntemperature of 25 ℃ was used;the mobile phase was acetonitrile and distilled water（v∶v =8∶2）;the flowrate was 1.0 m L·min-1;and the detector was an RI-1530 differential detector（Jasco,Japan）. For deter-mining of organic acids,a Beckman ODS C18 column（4.6 mm×250 mm） with a column temperature of25 ℃ was used;the mobile phase was（NH4）2HPO4buffer;and the flow rate was 0.5 m L·min-1. An elec-tronic nose（FOX 4000） with 18 metal sensors（Alpha MOS

关 键 词：桃 避雨栽培 低温贮藏 冷害 挥发性物质 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]