多杀菌素高产菌株的选育及其分析方法的研究进展  

Research Progress on Breeding of Spinosad Hyper-producing Strains and Its Analysis Methods

作　　者：包建民[1] 孙超慧[1] 李优鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学药物科学与技术学院/天津市现代药物传递及功能高效化重点实验室/天津化学化工协同创新中心,天津300072

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2016年第2期280-287,共8页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.21375093);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(No.20130032120081);天津市应用基础与前沿技术研究计划青年项目(No.15JCQNJC43200);天津大学自主创新基金资助项目(No.1102213)

摘　　要：多杀菌素(spinosad)是一种新型的天然大环内酯类抗生素,兼具生物农药的安全性和化学合成农药的速效性,具有独特的作用模式,对害虫高效、对环境安全、对哺乳动物低毒,是一种应用前景广阔的新型生物农药。但经过多年的研究,在我国仍无法实现产业化生产。本文结合了近10年来对多杀菌素的研究现状,从菌株的诱变育种、发酵工艺与生物合成的优化3个方面,综述了多杀菌素高产菌株刺糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyora spinosa)的选育,总结了发酵获得的天然产物的分离纯化方法以及分析检测技术在近年来国内外的研究进展,并从培养条件、诱变技术、生物试剂及其分析分离技术4个方面对国内外的研究现状进行了分析,同时对今后的研究和探索进行了展望。Spinosad,produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa,is a novel natural macrolide antibiotic with the properties of both safety of biopesticide and the efficiency of chemical pesticide. With an unique mechanism of action,spinosad has a weak toxicity towards mammalian,natural enemies of insects and environment.Thus,it has obtained permission and wildly used as a new biopesticide in different fields,such as pesticide,veterinary drug,sanitary field,etc. At present,the research of spinosad in our country is still in the laboratory scale due to its low yield. Industrial production of spinosad still has not been implemented for the lack of breeding of high- yield strains of spinosad. The mutation breeding systems and rational screening of Saccharopolyspora spinosa for high- yield spinosad were summarized in this paper. The common mutation types,including ultraviolet mutagenesis,ion beam implantation,γ ratial and atmospheric and room temperature plasma,have the features of high safety for the operators and environment,easy operation,rapid mutation capability,high mutation rate and genetic stability of targeted mutants. The optimization of the media,including seed and fermentation medium were reviewed. The effects of breeding temperature,dissolved oxygen,inoculum level,seeding age,medium volume,the initial p H and various precursors on the spinosad fermentation were also studied in the shaking flasks. Several precursors,such as short-chain alcohols,amino acids and methylating agents,could enhance biosynthesis of spinosad. The biosynthesis,separation and detection methods for this kind of compounds were also summarized. It is helpful for encouraging the industrial production of spinosad to develop high performance and accurate analysis methods.The domestic and foreign research status was analyzed from 4 aspects. Meanwhile,the trends in the development of spinosad were also discussed.

关 键 词：多杀菌素 刺糖多孢菌 菌株选育 分离纯化 分析检测 

分 类 号：R141[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]