农牧渔复合生态养殖系统能值分析  

Emergy Analysis of Agriculture-Livestock-Fisheries Compound Ecological Breeding System

作　　者：孟祥海[1] 周海川[2] 张郁[3] 王宇波[3] 孟桃[1] 张俊飚[4] 

机构地区：[1]淮阴师范学院经济与管理学院,江苏淮安223001 [2]中国林业科学院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091 [3]湖北工业大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [4]华中农业大学经济管理学院/湖北农村发展研究中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第1期133-142,共10页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333006);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71273105);江苏省软科学研究计划(BR2015016);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2015SJB685);湖北省科技支撑计划(2014BBB015);湖北银河生态省级研究生工作站(鄂教研[2013]2号)

摘　　要：生态养殖是减缓畜禽养殖污染的重要途径。以武汉银河猪场为例,采用能值分析方法,从资源减量化、环境承载压力和系统生产效率3个方面对该猪场生态养殖系统予以评价,并将其与进行生态养殖之前的单一养猪系统进行对比,结果显示该生态养殖系统在这3个方面均有改善。在资源减量化方面,生态养殖系统的能值自给率(1.77%)略高于单一养猪系统(0.27%),购买能值比率(98.09%)略低于单一养猪系统(99.74%),反馈能值比率(5.69%)和废弃物资源化利用率(5.80%)均高于单一养猪系统(0.00%);在环境承载压力方面,生态养殖系统的环境负荷率(85.72%)低于单一生猪养殖系统(116.04%),系统投入可更新率(56.93%)高于单一养猪系统(50.09%);在生产效率方面,生态养殖系统的净能值产出率(2.07)略高于单一养猪系统(1.93)。同时,生态养殖系统的经济效益比单一养猪系统更高。Ecological breeding is an important way to alleviate pollution from livestock and poultry breeding. Taking the Wuhan Yinhe Pig Farm as an example,the ecological breeding system of this Pig Farm was compared with the pig-only breeding system which used to be in operation before,and evaluated with the emergy analysis method. It was found that the former was much superior to the latter in minimization of resource consumption and environmental loading and in production efficiency. In terms of minimization of resource consumption,the former was 1. 77% in emergy self-sufficiency rate,slightly higher than the latter（ 0. 27%）,the former was 98. 09% in purchased-emergy rate,slightly lower than the latter（ 99. 74%）,the former was 5. 69% in feedback-emergy rate,higher than the latter（ 0. 00%） and the former was5. 80% in waste recycling rate,higher than the latter（ 0. 00%）. In terms of environmental loading,the ecological breeding system was 85. 72% in environmental loading rate,lower than the pig-only breeding system（ 116. 04%）,and the former was 56. 93% in system input renewal rate,higher than the latter（ 50. 09%）. And in terms of production efficiency,the former was 2. 07 in net-emergy output rate,slightly higher than the latter（ 1. 93）. Moreover,the ecological breeding system was significantly higher in economic benefit than the pig-only breeding system.

关 键 词：能值分析 畜禽养殖 农牧渔复合生态系统 生态养殖 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]