关于西北地区的自然灾害链  

Analysis of Natural Disaster Chain in Northwest China

作　　者：贾慧聪[1,2] 王静爱[3] 杨洋[4] 潘东华 杨佩国 张万昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所中国科学院数字地球重点实验室,北京100094 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院区域地理研究实验室,北京100875 [4]中国人民财产保险股份有限公司大连市分公司,辽宁大连116021 [5]民政部国家减灾中心,北京100124

出　　处：《灾害学》2016年第1期72-77,共6页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41301593;41471428);中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所资助项目(IAM201407);民政部国家减灾中心委托项目

摘　　要：基于灾害系统理论,根据中国省级报刊灾害数据库(1949-2005年),构建了我国西北地区主要的灾害链:干旱灾害链(分为高温-干旱灾害链、旱灾-虫灾-病害灾害链、旱灾-大风-沙尘暴灾害链)、地震灾害链和寒潮-雪灾灾害链的成灾模式。分析表明:降水少、纬度高、沙漠戈壁广布、山脉与盆地、高原与平川相间等是旱灾灾害链发生、发展的主要原因,灾情随灾害链过程放大,受承灾体脆弱性累积加重。提出干旱内陆区的上游山区加强水源保护,半干旱草原区防治荒漠化、沙化,黄河流域中上游区防治水土流失等区域模式。同时以案例形式分析了地震灾害链和寒潮-雪灾灾害链的致灾、成灾模式,提出了相应的减灾对策,为减灾提供科学依据。Based on the disaster system theory,according to Chinese Provincial Newspapers Disaster Database（ 1949-2005）,major disaster chains in Northwest China are built： drought disaster chain（ divided into high temperature-drought chain,drought-pests-disease disaster chain,and drought-wind-sandstorm chain）,earthquake disaster chain and cold-snow disaster chain. The results show that： less precipitation,high latitude,widespread desert,mountains and basins,plateaus and plains and other factors may lead to drought disaster chains. The disaster situation amplified with the processing of disaster chains,increased by the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies.It is suggested that water resource protection be strengthened in the upstream mountainous arid areas,desertification and desertification be combated in the semi-arid steppe regions,and soil erosion be prevented and controlled in the Yellow River Basin. Taking the earthquake disaster and cold-snow disaster chain as the analysis cases,the corresponding mitigation measures are proposed to provide a scientific basis for disaster mitigation for governments.

关 键 词：灾害链 干旱 地震 寒潮-雪灾 致灾 成灾 区域减灾 西北地区 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]