异化的平等:诺奇克权利理论及其对当代中国的启示  

Alienated Equality:Nozick's Rights Theory and its Implications for Contemporary China

作　　者：谢治菊[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学教务处,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《福建行政学院学报》2016年第1期55-63,共9页Journal of Fujian Administration Institute

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学青年项目(CMA130203)

摘　　要：权利理论是诺奇克正义理论的核心。该理论认为,人的权利神圣不可侵犯,道德上的自愿是人们维持、变更或放弃权利的唯一标准。但是,诺奇克仅主张人们的权利以及达成权利的机会是平等的,对起点与结果平等漠不关心,甚至认为结果的不平等是完全正义的,因此不平等没必要解决。诺奇克的平等观是一种异化的平等观,会带来原子化的个人、巨大的贫富差距和极权主义的国家意识形态,其实质是鼓励甚至纵容社会的积累性不平等。对于一个正在向多元社会迈进的中国而言,诺奇克权利理论所引发的积累性不平等也是我国不平等的一种表征和根源,可通过正确处理自由与民主、效率与公平、机会平等与结果平等的关系来协调。Nozick＇s rights theory is the core of his justice theory.The theory shows that human rights can be protected whatever happens,morality is the sole criterion for people who want to maintain, modify or waive rights. Nozick only claims that people＇s rights and opportunities to achieve rights are equal.However,he is indifferent with the starting and result equalities,and even considers that the result inequality is totally justice,hence it needn＇t to be adjusted.Nozick＇s concept of equality is an alienated equality,which will bring about atomized individuals,huge gap between the rich and the poor and the totalitarian state ideology.Iits essence is to encourage or condone the accumulated social inequality.As for Chinese pluralistic society,the accumulated inequality caused by Nozick＇s rights theory,the root of our county＇s inequality,can be improved through handling the relations between freedom and democracy,between efficiency and fairness,and between opportunity equality and result equality.

关 键 词：诺奇克 权利理论 正义理论 不平等 

分 类 号：D081[政治法律—政治学]