氮肥用量对襄阳地区马铃薯产量、品质和经济效益的影响  

Effect of nitrogen rate on the yield,quality and economic benefit of potato in Xiangyang city

作　　者：张炜[1,2] 杨德桦[1,3,2] 黄小箐 姜丽虹[5] 林亚蒙 鲁明星 赵竹青[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新型肥料湖北省工程实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [3]浙江省东阳市虎鹿镇镇政府,浙江东阳322100 [4]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,湖北武汉430070 [5]湖北省襄阳市农业科学院,湖北襄阳441057

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2016年第1期72-76,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-P06)

摘　　要：为明确湖北襄阳马铃薯适宜的氮肥用量,通过田间试验研究了氮肥用量对马铃薯块茎产量、品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明：N180处理的产量最高,达24 030.7 kg/hm2,施氮量超过180 kg/hm2时显著下降;马铃薯产量与氮肥用量符合一元二次方程y=-0.083 5N2＋45.88N＋17 333.9（F=38.40＊＊,R2=0.865＊＊）,马铃薯最佳施氮量为261.7 kg/hm2。施氮量为180~360 kg/hm2时可显著促进地上部生长,提高商品薯率;且其淀粉、Vc和可溶性糖含量高于其他处理,而施氮量为540 kg/hm2时显著下降,达最小值;N360处理时蛋白质含量显著高于其它处理;块茎的硝酸盐含量与氮肥用量呈极显著正相关（R2=0.969＊＊）。N90与N180处理的氮肥农学利用率较高,但两处理间无显著差异,而N180处理的纯增收入最高,为13 143.8元/hm2。建议襄阳地区马铃薯较适宜的氮肥用量为180~261.7 kg/hm2。An experiment was organized to study the effects of nitrogen rates on production,quality and economic benefits of potato. The result showed that the highest yield was 24 030. 7 kg / hm2 at N 180 kg / hm2,but the yield decreased obviously when N rates exceeded 180 kg / hm2. The relationship between potatoes yield and nitrogen rates was showed as：y =- 0. 083 5N2＋ 45. 88 N ＋ 17 333. 9（ F = 38. 40＊＊,R2= 0. 865＊＊）,and the optimum amount of N was 261. 7 kg/hm2.The shoots growth,commodity potato rate were substantially increased at N 180 ~ 360 kg / hm2. The contents of starch,vitamin C and soluble sugar in potato tuber were increased at N 180 ~ 360 kg / hm2,and the minimum value occurred when N rate was 540 kg / hm2. The protein content peaked at N 360 kg / hm2,which was significantly higher than those of other treatments.The nitrate content was positively correlated with N rates（ R2= 0. 969＊＊）. Nitrogen agronomy efficiency was higher at N 90 and 180 kg / hm2 compared with other treatments,though there was no obvious difference among them. Meanwhile,the highest net profit was 13 143. 8 yuan / hm2 at N 180 kg / hm2. It suggested that N 180 ~ 261. 7 kg / hm2 application on potato in Xiangyang City was advisable to attain high yield and profit.

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮水平 生长发育 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S32[农业科学—农业基础科学]