超声场下刚性界面附近溃灭空化气泡的速度分析  

Velocity analysis for collapsing cavitation bubble near a rigid wall under an ultrasound field

作　　者：郭策[1] 祝锡晶[1] 王建青[1] 叶林征 

机构地区：[1]中北大学机械与动力工程学院,太原030051

出　　处：《物理学报》2016年第4期180-187,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:50975265;51275490);山西省自然科学基金(批准号:2013011024-5)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：为了揭示刚性界面附近气泡空化参数与微射流的相互关系,从两气泡控制方程出发,利用镜像原理,建立了考虑刚性壁面作用的空化泡动力学模型.数值对比了刚性界面与自由界面下气泡的运动特性,并分析了气泡初始半径、气泡到固壁面的距离、声压幅值和超声频率对气泡溃灭的影响.在此基础上,建立了气泡溃灭速度和微射流的相互关系.结果表明:刚性界面对气泡振动主要起到抑制作用;气泡溃灭的剧烈程度随气泡初始半径和超声频率的增加而降低,随着气泡到固壁面距离的增加而增加;声压幅值存在最优值,固壁面附近的气泡在该最优值下气泡溃灭最为剧烈;通过研究气泡溃灭速度和微射流的关系发现,调节气泡溃灭速度可以达到间接控制微射流的目的.Acoustic cavitation bubble and its production extreme physics such as shockwaves and micro-jets on a solid wall have attracted great interest in the application of ultrasound （e.g., ultrasonic medical, ultrasonic cleaning, and ultrasonic machining）. However, the prediction and control of micro-jets induced by ultrasonic field have been a very challenging work, due to the complicated mechanisms of collapsing of cavitation bubbles. In order to determine the interaction of micro-jet with the key parameters that influence the acoustic cavitation, the dynamics of bubble growth and collapse near a rigid boundary in water is investigated. Using the method of mirror image, a revised bubble dynamics equation in radial oscillation for a bubble near a plane rigid wall is derived from the double-bubble equation （the Doinikov equation）. In the present equation, the gas inside the bubble is assumed to be the van der Waals gas, and the weak compressibility of the liquid is also assumed. The revised equation is then employed to simulate numerically the dynamical behaviors of a bubble, using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with variable step size adaptive control. Numerical simulations of the motion characteristics and collapse velocities of a bubble near a rigid boundary or a free boundary have been performed, under various conditions of initial bubble radius, spacing between the center of the bubble and the wall, acoustic pressure and ultrasonic frequency, in order to explain the effects of these key parameters on the acoustic cavitation intensity. It is shown that, compared with free boundary, the effect of rigid boundary on the bubble plays a significant role in suppressing the bubble oscillation. The intensity of bubble collapsing is reduced as the increase of the initial bubble radius and ultrasonic frequency, and increased by enlarging the spacing between the center of the bubble and the wall. There exists an optimal acoustic pressure （almost 3.5 times bigger than the ambient pressure）, at which the collaps

关 键 词：超声场 空化泡 刚性界面 微射流 

分 类 号：O35[理学—流体力学]