基于立式辊机构的青毛豆脱荚装置力学分析与试验  

Mechanical analysis and experiment on green soybean pod cleaning device based on vertical roller mechanism

作　　者：赵映[1,2] 刘守荣[1] 肖宏儒[2] 秦广明[2] 陈巧敏[2] 毛恩荣[1] 金月[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第4期17-23,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012387)

摘　　要：为深入研究青毛豆作物荚-柄脱离分离特性,寻求影响分离效果因素的最优组合,设计了立式辊结构青毛豆分离试验装置。该试验装置由脱荚辊、输送机构、角度调节机构、间距调节机构、传动调速电机、脱荚调速电机等组成,采用电机驱动,链传动输送喂料,角度调节机构、间距调节机构、调速电机完成对脱荚角度、辊间距、辊转速无级调节。该文基于青毛豆受碰后产生冲击力克服青毛豆荚-柄连接力实现分离的原理,通过能量守恒原理建立了分离过程的碰撞能量模型,构建了荚-柄分离力学模型,基于此方程进行了定量分析,确定脱荚辊转速、喂料速度、辊间距为主要影响因素,并针对"萧农秋艳"、"豆通六号"品种开展试验研究。结果表明:作物品种对脱荚率与破损率影响较小,影响综合指标的主次因素排列顺序为:脱荚辊转速>喂料速度>辊间距,最优参数组合为脱荚辊转速600 r/min,辊间距18 mm,喂料速度0.3 m/s,此时脱荚率为99.0%,破损率为2.4%,综合性能明显改善。该文研究结果可为青毛豆收获装置的设计提供参考。In 2014, soybean production was 179 million tons, and planting area was 102.1 million square hectare in China. China has become the fourth largest soybean production country after the United States, Brazil and Argentina over the world. However, the green soybean harvest still rely on manual power, what’s more, harvesting has taken up the large part of labor force in green soybean planting, accounting for over 40% of the total labor force. The operation of pod taking off is a key link in the process of green soybean mechanization harvest, and meanwhile, it is a core factor and technology which seriously influences the equipment performances. The structure style of the device of pod taking off and its parameters selected for working directly determine its harvest capability of fresh soybeans and other legume crops. Therefore, a green soybean separation experiment device of 5TDS-00 type manufactured by Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization was designed to research the separation properties of green soybeans based on striking, in order to seek the optimal combination of the factors influencing the separation effect. This experiment device of pod taking off consisted of rollers of pod taking off , conveying mechanism, angle adjuster, distance adjuster, driving speed-adjusting motor, roller speed-adjusting motor and so on. The device was driven by motor and fed by chain conveyor, and could realize step-less speed regulation under the coordination of angle adjuster, distance adjuster and adjustable speed motor. After striking, the green soybean would generate the variable motion inertia force, which could overcome the pod-handle connection force so as to achieve the objective of separation. The energy collision model of the separation process and the mechanical model of pod-handle separation were constructed based on the principle of energy conservation. Quantitative analysis was done to verify the energy collision model and the mechanical model. The roller speed, feeding speed and roller distance

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 试验 脱荚率 破损率 分离机构 青毛豆 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]