分子生物技术在厌氧氨氧化工艺研究中的应用  

Molecular Biotechniques Used in the Study of Anammox Process

作　　者：户海燕 瞿思宜[1] 张正哲[1] 施曼玲[1] 金仁村[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2016年第1期20-26,43,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51278162)

摘　　要：厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)工艺是一种高效低耗的新型废水生物脱氮工艺,具有广阔的应用前景。但迄今为止该工艺的主要承载者厌氧氨氧化菌未获得纯培物,因此传统的微生物学方法不足以研究其生物学特性。分子生物技术的发展改变了传统的微生物学研究方法,其中,变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)、高通量测序和基因芯片技术脱颖而出。文章重点介绍了这些技术在氧氨氧化工艺研究中的应用,以及其主要的优点和缺点。将分子生物技术应用到厌氧氨氧化工艺研究中,对于全面认识厌氧氨氧化菌的性质、解析厌氧氨氧化工艺的微生物学机理、确保工艺的长期高效稳定运行具有重要意义。Anaerobic ammonium oxidation （anammox）, as its advantages of high efficiency and low cost, is a promising novel biological nitrogen elimination process with attractive application prospects. Up to date, scientists have not obtained the pure cultures of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria （AnAOB）, which is the dominant community of the process, so the traditional microbiology methods do not function well. The development of molecular biotechniques change the method of traditional microbiology. Among these techniques, denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, quantitative real-time PCR （qPCR）, fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH）, high-throughput sequencing and GeoChip stand out. The techniques used in the anammox process and main advantages and disadvantages of them are introduced. The application of these techniques is of great significance for understanding the properties of AnAOB, analyzing the microbiology mechanism and ensuring the long-term high-efficiency and stability operation of anammox process.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化工艺 分子生物技术 荧光原位杂交 实时荧光定量PCR 高通量测序 基因芯片 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]