中国边缘海生态环境演变及其影响因素研究  

Advances in Studies of Eco-environment Evolution and Its Influence Factors in China Marginal Seas

作　　者：杨斌[1,2] 石华先[3] 钟秋平[1] 鲁栋梁[1,2] 林美芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]钦州学院广西北部湾海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室,广西钦州535000 [2]中国海洋大学海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]钦州学院经济管理学院,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《钦州学院学报》2016年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Qinzhou University

基　　金：广西教育厅科研项目:钦州湾海域海岸带海洋环境要素调查研究(201106LX546);钦州学院校级科研项目:茅尾海营养盐变化与环境因子的关系研究(2011XJKY-11B)

摘　　要：从历史调查资料以及沉积物中地球化学指标和生物指标可剖析中国边缘海生态环境演变历史。中国边缘海近百年来生态环境发生巨变:水体富营养化显著、有害藻赤潮频发、底层水缺氧扩张、种群结构改变、生物多样性下降、渔业资源衰减、重金属污染加重。影响中国边缘海生态环境演变的调控因素主要包括自然因素和人为因素,近30年来生态环境的剧烈演变受人类活动影响显著。土地过度利用、化肥大量使用、滩涂围垦、水利修建、水产养殖、工业废水和市政污水的排放以及过度捕捞等人类活动是导致中国边缘海生态环境退化、生态系统结构改变和渔业资源减少的关键因素,周边地区工业废水的排放是重金属污染的主要因素。Based on the survey history data and geochemical and biological indicators of sediments,the tendency of eco-environment evolution in China marginal seas is analyzed. The eco-environment has changed dramatically in China marginal seas over the past century,such as eutrophication,frequently red tides,hypoxia expansion in bottom water,change of population structure,the biodiversity lower,fishery resources attenuation and heavy metal pollution. The natural factors and human activities both influence the eco-environment evolution in China marginal seas,and the intense evolution of eco-environment for the past decades is mainly due to the latter. Excessive land use,fertilizer use,tideland reclamation,water conservancy construction,aquaculture,industrial wastewater and municipal sewage discharge and overfishing are key factors,resulting in the degradation of eco-environment,ecosystem structure change and diminishing fishery resources in China marginal seas. Industrial wastewater discharge from surrounding areas is the main factor of heavy metal pollution.

关 键 词：中国边缘海 生态环境演变 自然因素 人为因素 

分 类 号：X142[环境科学与工程—环境科学]