排球运动员发球预判过程中的视觉搜索特征  

Visual Search of Volleyball Players in Serve Forecasting Process

作　　者：张海斌[1] 王朝军[1] 葛春林[2] 王锋 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学体育学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]北京体育大学教育学院,北京100084 [3]中国石油大学(华东)体育教学部,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2015年第5期438-447,460,共11页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

摘　　要：对专家组、中间组和初级组3组共60名被试进行测试,试验将时间阻断和眼动记录技术相结合,采用3(运动水平)×3(发球类型)的混合设计,探索排球运动员发球预判过程中的视觉搜索特征。结果表明:(1)不同水平排球运动员在不同发球形式下的视觉搜索特征具有明显的差异。高水平运动员发球预判时的落点预判准确率、落点预判反应时、注视次数、注视时间、眼跳距离、注视区域更加具有合理性,与其他水平运动员的差异明显。(2)不同发球形式的预判特征不同,大力跳发球的落点预判准确率、注视时间和眼跳距离均高于跳发飘球,跳发飘球的落点预判准确率、注视时间和眼跳距离均高于原地发落点球。(3)高水平运动员通过对关键信息区域进行较长时间的注视来进行信息深加工,眼跳距离大,视觉搜索效率高,注视轨迹表现出循环往复的特点,在对方接发球站位之间以及球体本身进行循环往复注视,视觉搜索模式简洁、高效、合理,而其他水平运动员注视区域较多且注视轨迹没有规律,眼跳距离小、注视时间较短、注视轨迹较散乱。建议运动员在训练中应借鉴高水平排球运动员的视觉搜索特征进行有目的、合理的安排。In this study,sixty volleyball athletes of different levels were selected as expert group,middle group and junior,respectively. Using three（lev-els）× three（service type）mixed design,time block and ocular movement recording methods were employed to research on the features of visual search inthe process of serving of the players. The results showed that：（1）Serving in volleyball game attack scenario,different levels on players＇ visual search fea-ture had obvious differences,high-level athletes showed a clear advantage. For high-level athletes,serving prediction accuracy,reaction time,the num-ber of fixations,fixation duration,saccade distance,watching area were more reasonable,significantly different from the other levels of the athletes. Therationality and the effect of high level athletes in the above aspects were significantly better than other athletes.（2）The different serve predictions had dif-ferent characteristics. The accuracy,fixation duration,and saccade distance of volleyball powerful jump serves were higher than jump serve the ball. Theaccuracy,fixation duration,and saccade distance of jump serve the ball were higher than situ about service.（3）For the attack scenarios prediction forhigh-level athletes in all aspects,by a long time notice on critical areas to process information,they got high visual search efficiency,and the gazing tra-jectory showed the cycle characteristics,visual search mode concise,efficient,economical,reasonable,while others level＇s players notice more region,and gazing trajectory had no law,gazing time short,and gazing trajectory relatively scattered. We should draw lessons from athletes in training high levelvisual search features of volleyball players have purpose,reasonable arrangement.

关 键 词：排球运动员 发球 视觉搜索 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]