基于LMD自适应多尺度形态学和Teager能量算子方法在轴承故障诊断中的应用  

Bearing fault feature extraction method based onLMD adaptive multiscale morphology and energy operator demodulating

作　　者：武哲[1] 杨绍普[2] 张建超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044 [2]石家庄铁道大学交通环境与安全工程研究所,石家庄050043

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2016年第3期7-13,共7页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11227201;11202141;11372197;11472179;51405313);铁路总公司重大项目(2014J012);河北省自然科学基金(A2013210013;A2015210005);河北省教育厅项目(YQ2014028)

摘　　要：为了从故障轴承信号中提取包含故障信号的特征频率,提出了基于LMD(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)自适应多尺度形态学和Teager能量算子解调的方法。首先,采用LMD将目标信号分解成有限个PF(Product Function,PF)分量,分别对其进行多尺度形态学滤波,利用峭度准则优化形态学结构元素尺度,自适应寻求最优解,最后用Teager能量算子计算各PF分量的瞬时幅值,通过瞬时Teager能量的Fourier频谱识别轴承的故障特征频率。为了验证理论的正确性,进行了数字仿真实验和轴承故障模拟实验,并与EMD形态学和包络解调方法进行了比较,结果表明该算法明显优于其他两种方法,对滚动轴承外圈、内圈和滚子故障的检测精度更高,能够清晰地提取出故障信号的频率特征。In order to extract the characteristic frequencies from bearings fault signals containing fault information, an adaptive morphological method was proposed based on local mean decomposition （LMD） and energy operator demodulating. LMD was used to decomposea multi-component AM-FM signal into finite number of production functions （PFs） and then the PFs containing fault information were multiscale morphologically filtered respectively. The kurtosis criterion was used to adaptively optimize the structural elements of morphology. Then, the energy operator demodulating was applied to each PF and the amplitudes and frequencies of the muhi-componentAM-FM signal were extracted for bearing fault diagnosis. In order to verify the correctness of the method proposed, numerical simulations and bearings fault simulation tests, were carried out and their results were compared with those by the methods of EMD and envelope demodulation respectively. The results showed that the proposed method is superior to the other two. It has higher accuracy on the fault detection of the rollers and the outer and inner rings of rolling bearings. The method can be used to clearly extract various characteristic frequencies of bearings faults.

关 键 词：滚动轴承 LMD 多尺度形态学 故障诊断 TEAGER能量算子 

分 类 号：TH165[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]