生长调节剂对马铃薯贮藏期出芽及主要碳氮代谢物质含量的影响  

Effects of different growth regulators on germination and main carbon-nitrogen metabolites contents during the storage period of potato tuber

作　　者：钟蕾[1] 邓俊才[1] 王良俊 袁继超[1] 郑顺林[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川省眉山市东坡区农业技术推广站,四川眉山620000

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2016年第1期81-88,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD06B0407);四川省育种攻关配套项目(2011NZ0098-15-5)

摘　　要：为深入了解在不同生长调节剂处理下马铃薯的休眠生理变化,本研究以西南主栽马铃薯品种"川芋117"为供试材料,分别用抑芽剂氯苯胺灵(chlorpropham,CIPC)、脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)和促芽剂赤霉素(gibberellin A3,GA3)浸泡处理其块茎,研究生长调节剂处理下马铃薯贮藏过程中芽生长情况及块茎主要碳氮代谢物质含量变化。结果表明:GA3处理可使马铃薯提前完成休眠,休眠强度与休眠幅度的时间分别较对照(CK)缩短17 d和11d,发芽后芽较纤弱但生长较快;ABA处理延长了块茎的休眠,休眠强度较CK增加6 d,而休眠幅度较CK缩短11d,解除休眠后芽较粗壮,生长快且整齐;而CIPC延长休眠的效果更显著,处理70 d后块茎才开始发芽,萌发期较对照至少延长40 d以上。不同生长调节剂处理的块茎在贮藏期碳氮代谢规律相同,但变化幅度不同。处理12周后,GA3、ABA和CIPC处理块茎淀粉含量较刚处理时分别降低13.36%、11.30%和5.93%,可溶性糖含量分别降低48.3%、58.9%和56.1%。各处理块茎在贮藏期可溶性蛋白质和粗蛋白质含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,在贮藏前期,GA3、ABA和CIPC处理可溶性蛋白质含量,较刚处理时分别上升25.73%、39.68%和31.32%,后期分别降低19.17%、33.22%和17.74%;前期粗蛋白质含量较刚处理时分别上升4.77%、12.5%和12.8%,后期分别降低11.37%、18.02%和8.71%。贮藏期各处理块茎碳氮比变化不尽相同,促芽剂处理的块茎碳氮比大,而抑芽剂处理的块茎碳氮比小,且呈逐渐减小的趋势。由本研究可知:GA3可使马铃薯提前完成休眠,休眠解除后块茎发芽迅速,且营养物质消耗较快;ABA可延长马铃薯的休眠,块茎出芽整齐,后期营养物质消耗多;CIPC的抑芽效果最强,可有效抑制马铃薯芽的萌发及生长,营养物质消耗少。The regulation of dormancy is very essential in the production of potato. To satisfy the demand of different sowing dates and to keep high rate of emergence and growth potential in seed potato, it always requires prolonging or shortening the dormancy stage to guarantee the field emergence. Meanwhile, when potatoes are treated as food, the dormancy period should be prolonged as long as possible to keep the potatoes fresh. Physical and plant growth regulator treatments are two main methods that regulate the dormancy in potato. The physical treatment requires high cost of labor and material resources, while the plant growth regulator treatment has advantages of convenience and cost saving over the physical treatment. The conventional plant growth regulators were used to adjust the plant dormancy including sprouting inhibitors chlorpropham （CIPC）, abscisic acid （ABA）, and sprouting promoter gibberellin A3 （GA3）. There were numerous reports about the regulating effects of these regulators, but only a few investigations have been done to compare the regulating effects of these regulators on potato. To comprehensively study the effects of different growth regulators on the germination and main carbon- nitrogen metabolites contents of potato during storage, a laboratory experiment was conducted from May to August in 2014. The potato euhivar ＂Chuanyu-117＂ was used in this research. Potato tubers were dipped in aqueous solutions of CIPC, ABA and GA3 with efficacious concentrations for 30 minutes, respectively. The results indicated that GA3 could release potato dormancy in advance, and the intensity and amplitude of tubers dormancy, when treated with GA3, reduced by 17 days and 11 days, respectively, the length/diameter ratio of bud was much higher than that of control （CK）, showing that GA3 could accelerate potato tubers germination and bud growth. Whereas, ABA significantly prolonged the dormancy, the dormancy amplitude reduced by 11 days but the dormancy intensity increased by 6 days, and the length

关 键 词：抑芽剂 促芽剂 马铃薯 出芽 碳氮代谢 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]