生计与生存:集体化时代的村庄经济与农民日常生活——以山西平遥双口村为考察中心  

Livelihoods and Survival: the Village Economy and the Daily Life of Farmers in the Collectivization Era——A Case Study of Shuangkou Village in Pingyao County,Shanxi Province

作　　者：马维强[1] 邓宏琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学中国社会史研究中心 [2]山西大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第1期40-49,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：2009年度教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(项目批准号:09YJC770047);2012年度国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(项目批准号:12&ZD147)研究成果

摘　　要：在集体化时代,为保障农业集体经济体制的有效运转并实现工业化的战略目标,国家通过经济制度安排的约束、政治意识形态的引导以及社会流动上的限制等手段使农民投身于农业生产,但劳动安排和工分管理的不足使集体生产产生困境。一些农民往往跨越国家政策规定的界限进行手工业劳作和倒买倒卖,这些手段被赋予了政治含义,受到约束限制,有些人甚至因此而被戴上"帽子",成为"阶级敌人"。不过,村民依然通过非农业劳动甚至偷盗来获得生存所需。农民的生存理性和村庄传统对于农民的生计观念和谋生手段发挥着重要作用,革命的现代性逻辑遭遇到农民日常生活逻辑的抵抗,使看似无可辩驳、无法更改的人民公社体制机体受到村民虽然微弱但却是日积月累的侵蚀。In the collectivization era, the state had farmers being engaged in agricultural production through economic insti- tutional arrangements, guiding political ideology and restrictions on social mobility, which protected the effective functioning agricultural collective economic system and achieving the strategic objectives of industrialization. But less labor arrangements and work-point management enabled collective production to be difficulties. Some farmers often transcended the boundaries of policies to he hand labor or profiteering, which had been given political meaning to be constrained. Some people even were put on the hat as the class enemies. However, the villagers still survived through non-agricultural labor or theft. The survival of farmers and villages traditions played an important role. Modern revolutionary logic encountered peasant resistance logic of everyday life, which made the irrefutable and unchangeable people＇s commune system be cumulative erosion by the villagers.

关 键 词：集体化时代 农民 生计 生存 日常生活 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]