我国电动汽车充换电基础设施标准的现状和发展建议  

Status and Development Proposals of Standards about Electric Vehicle Charging/Battery Swap Infrastructure in China

作　　者：刘文峰[1] 朱聪[1] 李斌[1] 张沫[1] 

机构地区：[1]交通运输部公路科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2015年第6期1-7,共7页Transport Research

基　　金：交通运输部软科学研究项目(2015-312-223-070)

摘　　要：为了能够更加合理地制修订我国电动汽车充换电基础设施的相关标准,进一步促进电动汽车推广应用目标的顺利实现,对我国现有的充换电基础设施相关标准开展了研究。首先,对国外充换电基础设施标准概况和我国相关的主要国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准进行了介绍;接着,对我国现有标准中关于充换电设备、充电接口及通信协议、充换电计量装置、充换电站的相关规定进行了分类介绍,明确了现有标准对于确保电动汽车用户充换电体验质量的重要意义;然后,针对电动汽车用户完整的充换电流程,对实际中用户存在的充换电服务需求进行了分析;最后,根据用户的实际服务需求,提出了我国未来充换电基础设施标准的制修订建议。研究结果表明,我国现有的充换电基础设施标准基本确保了充换电设备的可用性和易操作性、充电接口的通用性、充电计量装置的准确度以及充换电站的运营安全等,未来应针对充换电设备状态查询、直流充电桩的兼容性、统一支付、充换电站规模和布局等方面制定相关标准,以提高电动汽车用户体验质量和促进电动汽车的进一步推广应用。： In order to reasonably develop and revise the standards about charging/battery swap infrastructure of China in the future, and further promote the realization of the popularization and application target of electric vehicle, the existing standards about charging/battery swap infrastructure of China were studied. Firstly, some international standards about the charging/battery swap infrastructure were summa- rized, and some relative standards of China were introduced including the main national standards, industrial standards, provincial standards and company standards. Secondly, the provisions on charging/ battery swap equipment, charging coupler and communication protocols, electric energy metering equipment, charging/battery swap station in the existing standards of China were separately discussed, and the importance of the provisions for ensuring the experience quality of electric vehicle user was demonstrated. Thirdly, according to the whole procedure of charging/battery swap of electric vehicle user, the service requirements existing in practical charging/battery swap for user were analyzed. Finally, the development proposals for future standards on charging/battery swap infrastructure were provided based on the service requirements. The research results indicate that the usability and operability of charging/battery swap equipment, the universality of DC （Direct Current） charging spot, the accuracy of metering device and the operation safety of charging/battery swap station can be basically ensured by existing standards of China, and standards about the status inquiry of charging equipment, the compatibility of DC charging spot, the uniform payment, the scale and layout of charging/battery swap station should be developed in the future, for improving the experience quality of users and further promoting the application of electric vehicles.

关 键 词：电动汽车 充换电基础设施 标准 用户体验质量 服务需求 

分 类 号：U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]