基于Rothermel模型的北京鹫峰国家森林公园潜在火行为  

Research on the potential fire behavior in Jiufeng National Forest Park of Beijing based on the Rothermel Model

作　　者：王凯[1] 牛树奎[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2016年第1期42-50,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270696)

摘　　要：Rothermel模型以燃烧物理学为理论基础,基于能量守恒定律,属于物理机理模型。基于Rothermel模型,利用Behave Plus 5.0 5软件,采用自定义可燃物参数模型,通过输入不同的可燃物模型参数,包括不同时滞的地表枯枝负荷量、可燃物床层厚度、含水率、热值、风速、坡度等,研究计算了不同可燃物湿度条件下北京鹫峰国家森林公园潜在地表火行为状况,即蔓延速率、单位面积发热量、火线强度和火焰高度等。结果表明:4种林型火行为指标均随可燃物湿度、坡度增大而降低,油松Pinus tabuliformis林极易发生高强度地表火,侧柏Platycladus orientalis林易发生中强度地表火,华北落叶松Larix principis-rupprechtii因本身难燃,仅可能发生低强度地表火,栓皮栎Quercus variabilis林因地表凋落物累积较多,且林分通风条件好,在低湿度、干旱条件下易发生中等强度地表火,对林分结构造成破坏。因此,在护林防火工作中,我们要以油松、侧柏林防火为主,及时清理林下有效可燃物,减少可燃物累积,防止林火的发生与蔓延,最大程度减少森林资源损失。To minimize the loss of forest resources by preventing the onset and spread of forest fires, the poten- tial behavior of surface fire in different fuel moisture conditions were studied based on the Rothermel Model in Jiufeng National Forest Park of Beijing. The Rothermel Model is a physical mechanism model which is based on the theory of combustion physics and the law of conservation of energy. BehavePlus 5.05 software was used with input fuel parameters including surface dead branches with different load delays, thickness layer of the fu- el bed, moisture content, calorific power, wind speed, and slope, to calculate forest fire behavior indicator of four forest types： speed of propagation, heat per unit area, fire line intensity, and flame length. The results showed that the forest fire behavior indicators of four forest types decreased with increase of fuel moisture con- tent and slope value. High strength of surface fire easily occurred in Pinus tabuliformis forest. Platycladus orientalis Franco forest had a potential of medium strength of surface fire. The Larix principis-rupprechtii was dif- ficult to be burned, and had only a possibility of low strength of surface fire. Owing to more accumulation of surface fuel and convenient ventilation conditions in the stand, Quercus variabilis forest had a potential of medium strength of surface fire in condition of low humidity and drought, easily causing damage to stand struc- ture. Therefore, in process of forest fire prevention, priority should be given to Pinus tabuliformis and Platy- cladus orientalis Franco forests to timely cleaning the undergrowth fuel and to dearease the fuel accumulation. [Ch, 5 fig. 3 tab. 19 ref.]

关 键 词：森林保护学 Rothermel模型 Behave PLUS 潜在火行为 鹫峰国家森林公园 

分 类 号：S762.3[农业科学—森林保护学]