行业垄断对收入不平等影响程度的估计  

Estimation of the Effect of Industry Monopoly on the Income Inequality

作　　者：聂海峰[1,2] 岳希明[3] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学转型与开放经济研究所,广东广州510275 [3]中国人民大学财政金融学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2016年第2期5-20,共16页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"转型时期中国的行业垄断与居民收入分配研究"(批准号12JZD030);国家自然科学基金项目"寻求缩小我国居民收入差距的最有效手段"(批准号71473257)

摘　　要：目前中国居民收入差距在多大程度上是由垄断行业高收入带来的?为了回答这个问题,本文利用企业和职工匹配数据中企业和个人两方面的信息,通过基于回归分析分解的方法,考察了行业垄断对职工工资差距的影响。结果显示,行业垄断是继教育水平之后职工工资差距的第二大决定因素,与职工年龄的影响程度大体相同,但明显大于其他因素。更为重要的是,垄断行业高收入导致职工工资差距的扩大,并不是行业垄断收入分配效应的全部,本文通过全面讨论行业垄断对收入分配的影响,认为垄断行业高收入的不公正性以及垄断产品高价所导致的广大消费者的福利减少是当前中国行业垄断收入分配效应的重要组成部分。与行业垄断的收入差距扩大效应相比,垄断行业高收入的不公正性以及垄断产品高价所导致的消费者福利减少,后果更严重,社会影响更恶劣。How large the high income of industry monopoly deteriorates the income inequality is the fundamental question of the income distributional effect of monopoly. The employer-employee matched data which combines information of the individual and the firm is used to inquiry the question. Using the regression based decomposition method to calculate the contribution of industry monopoly to the wage gap, we find that the industry monopoly is the second important factor to the income inequality, which is less than education year＇s contribution and more than age and other factor＇s contribution. More importantly, the increase of wage gap is only partial effect of industry monopoly on the income inequality. The injustice of high income and the consumer welfare decrease which is caused by the monopoly pricing are more important concern of industry monopoly. Comparing with high income of industry monopoly, the injustice of high income and the decrease of consumer welfare have more serious consequence and worse social impact.

关 键 词：行业垄断 夏普利分解 工资差异 

分 类 号：F423[经济管理—产业经济]