脑靶向鼻黏膜给药系统用于神经退行性疾病治疗  

Brain-targeted nasal drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

作　　者：杜丽娜[1] 金义光[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所,北京100850

出　　处：《国际药学研究杂志》2016年第1期104-109,共6页Journal of International Pharmaceutical Research

基　　金：国家科技重大专项综合性新药研究开发技术大平台资助项目(2012ZX09301003-001-009)

摘　　要：随着老龄化社会的到来,神经退行性疾病的发病率逐年增加,严重影响患者生活质量。神经退行性疾病发生于中枢神经系统,其治疗药物的给药方式成为一个关键的科学问题。如果通过口服或注射途径给药,部分药物能经过血脑屏障进入脑组织,但大量药物在其他组织分布,可能带来胃肠道反应、心律失常等副作用;且老年患者服药顺应性差,不能坚持多次多剂量服用。鼻黏膜给药可绕开血脑屏障,通过鼻-脑通道直接将药物递送到脑组织,靶向性强,药物利用率高,患者顺应性好。本综述简要介绍了神经退行性疾病的主要类型及治疗现状,脑靶向递药的主要屏障、鼻-脑通道及影响经鼻吸收的主要因素,并总结了脑靶向鼻黏膜给药的主要剂型、最新进展及存在问题。Incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing year by year in the current aging society which interferes the living quality of the patients severely. Pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases appeare in central nervous system （CNS）. The administration route of drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases becomes a very important scientific research field. Part of drugs may cross over blood-brain barrier （BBB） to CNS by oral or injection administration. But most of drugs are distributed in the other tissues and might cause adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal side-effects and arrhythmia. Moreover, the compliance of the aging patients is poor. They cannot adhere to administer multi-dose drugs for sereral times a day. Nasal drug delivery systems could de- liver drugs to brains directly by nasal-brain route, avoiding BBB with high targeting ratio, high drug availability and good patients＇ compliance. The review summarizes the major types of neurodegenerative diseases and their current therapeutic methods. The important obstacles for brain-targeted drug delivery, nose-brain routes and the factors influencing nasal absorption are introduced. More importantly, the principal formulations, recent research progress and the unsolved problems of brain-targeted nasal drug delivery sys- tems are also reviewed.

关 键 词：脑靶向 阿尔茨海默病 帕金森病 血脑屏障 原位凝胶 鼻黏膜给药 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]