永磁同步电机的扰动观测器无位置传感器控制  

Position Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Using a Disturbance Observer

作　　者：陆婋泉[1] 林鹤云[1] 韩俊林[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学伺服控制技术教育部工程研究中心,江苏省南京市210096

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2016年第5期1387-1394,共8页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51377020);江苏省2012年度普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXLX12_0092)~~

摘　　要：基于传统观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制,需要对作为状态变量的电流信号进行微分,这会导致噪声信号的放大,为此需单独设计滤波环节,增加了系统调试的工作量和复杂性。文中基于一类特殊设计的扰动观测器(disturbance observer)提出一种反电动势观测器,该方法将两相静止坐标下电流状态方程中的反电动势作为干扰量,不需要通过状态变量的微分和滤波环节就可以实现扰动量的准确估计。根据反电动势估计结果进行一次反正切计算得到电机的转子位置,同时设计一个随转速变化的转子位置误差补偿环节,即可实现基于扰动观测器的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法的观测器增益选择方法简单,对转速和负载变化具有较好的自适应能力和鲁棒性,可以实现高性能的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制。In order to achieve the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machine （PMSM）, the modeling process of the traditional observers requires the derivation of the state current, which results in noise increase and additional work for the filter design. This paper proposed a back electromotive force （EMF） observer based on a deliberately designed disturbance observer, which was capable of estimating the system disturbance accurately without calculating the state vector derivation or inserting noise filter. The back EMF in the current state function in the stationary reference frame was considered as the disturbance signal, whose estimation result was used to derive the rotor position through an arctangent calculation. A position error compensation self-adjusted with speed was designed for sensorless PMSM control based on the designed disturbance observer. The simulation and experimental results show that the sensorless PMSM control system achieves high performance by using the proposed method with simple selection of the observer gain, self-adjustment and robustness with speed and load variation.

关 键 词：永磁同步电机(PMSM) 无位置传感器 扰动观测器 位置与转速估计 矢量控制 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]