川东南冬水田单季籼稻高效施氮技术分析  

Analysis of the Efficient Nitrogen Application of Single-season Indica Rice in the Winter Paddy Field Regions in the Southeast of Sichuan

作　　者：姚雄[1] 李经勇[1] 文明[1] 肖人鹏[1] 唐永群[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,逆境农业研究重庆市市级重点实验室,重庆401329

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期141-147,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆市科技项目(cstc2015shmszz80003);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);重庆市财政农业发展资金(NKY-2015AB004)

摘　　要：以川东南冬水田地区水稻主推品种＇川香9838＇为材料,采用二因素随机区组设计研究了单季籼稻的高效施氮技术。结果表明：水稻的干物质积累总量、氮积累总量随施氮量增加而增加,氮肥适量后移做穗肥有利于水稻干物质的积累与分配,有利于提高氮农学利用效率和表观利用率,有利于平衡增加水稻产量各构成要素,实现足穗、大穗高产。其中,m（底肥）：m（穗肥）=6：4的前氮后移方式较m（底肥）：m（蘖肥）=7：3的传统施氮方式增产水稻3.60%～7.11%。从兼顾水稻高产与氮肥高效的角度,川东南冬水田地区水稻生产可采用中氮水平（10 kg/666.7 m^2）结合m（底肥）：m（穗肥）=6：4的施氮方式,实际产量可达8 721.75 kg/hm^2,氮农学利用效率为12.9 kg/kg,氮表观利用率为43.0%。In order to clarify the efficient nitrogen application of single-season indica rice in the winter paddy field regions in the southeast of Sichuan, the main variety of rice production ＇Chuanxiang 9838＇ was selected as material in the field experiment. The experimental results showed that, total dry matter accumulation and N accumulation increased with the increasing of nitrogen amount. Postponing nitrogen application was beneficial to the dry matter accumulation and distribution of rice, the increasing of nitrogen use efficiency, and the increasing of rice yield components. In all of the nitrogen application methods, basic tiller fertilizer to ear granule fertilizer was 6：4 could achieve higher yield, which was 3.60%～7.11% higher than basic tiller fertilizer to tillering fertilizer was 7：3. From the perspective of high yield and nitrogen efficiency, the medium nitrogen application level （10 kg/666.7 m^2） and basic tiller fertilizer to ear granule fertilizer was 6：4 should be adopted the single-season indica rice production in the winter paddy field regions in the southeast of Sichuan.

关 键 词：水稻 冬水田 施氮量 施氮方式 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学] S511.062[农业科学—农业基础科学]