塔里木盆地西南缘不同下垫面的摩阻风速和空气动力学粗糙度  

Friction Wind Velocity and Aerodynamic Roughness Over Different Underlying Surface Types in Southwestern Tarim Basin

作　　者：周杰[1,2,3] 雷加强[1] 郑则浩[1,2,3] 毛东雷[1,2,3] 薛杰[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测试验站,新疆策勒848300

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第1期1-5,10,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题"绿洲外围节水型生物防护体系构建及可持续经营技术开发与示范"(201130106-1)

摘　　要：[目的]分析各下垫面摩阻风速和地表空气动力学粗糙度变化特征,揭示不同下垫面的风蚀潜力大小。[方法]通过2010—2012年野外气象观测,尝试计算由流动沙漠到绿洲4个连续下垫面的摩阻风速和空气动力学粗糙度的变化并分析其变化原因,评价摩阻风速和空气动力学粗糙度其对风蚀敏感性的影响。[结果]流动沙地和半流动沙地摩阻风速(u*)和空气动力学粗糙度(z0)的年内变化不明显,固定沙地和绿洲的摩阻风速和空气动力学粗糙度年内变化呈现单调递增变化规律。摩阻风速在流动沙地、半流动沙地、固定沙地和绿洲4个下垫面分别为0.33,0.44,0.61,和0.81m/s。空气动力学粗糙度在流动沙地、半流动沙地、固定沙地和绿洲4个下垫面分别为0.39,13.58,39.51和310.8mm。[结论]流动沙地风蚀发生的潜力最大而绿洲风蚀发生的潜力最小。[Objective]The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of friction wind velocity and aerodynamic roughness over different underlying surface types in order to reveal the wind erosion potential in different underlying surfaces.[Methods]Wind velocity profiles were measured and used to determine friction velocity（u＊）and aerodynamic roughness（z0）in four different underlying land types in the wind erosion season of 2010—2012.The sensitivity of friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness to wind erosion was analyzed.[Results]The friction velocity and aerodynamic roughness were positively correlated with the canopy height and vegetation coverage.The friction velocity was 0.33,0.44,0.61 and 0.81m/s for the shifting sand dunes,the semi-shifting sand dunes,the fixed sand dunes and the oasis,respectively.While the aerodynamic roughness was 0.39,13.58,39.51 and 310.8mm for the shifting sand dunes,the semi-shifting sand dunes,the fixed sand dunes,and the oasis,respectively.[Conclusion]The shifting sand dunes have the greatest potential for wind erosion,while oases have the least potential for wind erosion.

关 键 词：摩阻速度 空气动力学粗糙度 风蚀 绿洲 固定沙地 半流动沙地 流动沙地 

分 类 号：X169[环境科学与工程—环境科学]