情绪性注意瞬脱的认知机制:来自行为与ERP的证据  

Cognitive mechanisms of the emotional attentional blink: Evidence from behavior and ERPs

作　　者：贾磊[1] 张常洁[1] 张庆林[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学心理系,杭州310014 [2]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第2期174-184,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400900);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题一般项目(14NDJC171YB)资助

摘　　要：从过度投入理论与激活反弹理论对瓶颈理论的质疑出发,采用ERP技术检验了情绪性注意瞬脱的加工过程及其神经机制。行为结果显示,以恐惧面孔为T1,中性场景图片为T2,则恐惧面孔T1相对中性面孔T1显著降低了中性T2的识别正确率,进而诱发了情绪性注意瞬脱。ERP结果进一步显示,相较于中性面孔T1,恐惧面孔T1诱发的情绪加工影响了代表中枢加工资源的两阶段P3波幅,使得其始终高于代表标准注意瞬脱的中性面孔T1条件和代表非注意瞬脱的单任务基线条件。以上结果证明,情绪性注意瞬脱形成自情绪性T1加工所诱发的中枢资源过度投入,而非源自中枢资源瓶颈。The emotional attentional blink（EAB） refers to a specific limitation of humans＇ attention system that consciously perception ability of target stimuli distributed across time is reduced by emotional/affective processes. Under conditions of rapid serial visual presentation（RSVP）, participants usually display a significant reduced ability to report the second of two targets（T2） in a stream of distractors if it appears within 200-500 msec following the first target（T1）. This effect is known as attentional blink（AB）. However, when emotional/ affective stimulus is used as T1 and T2 is neutral, the AB effect can be strengthened. This specific effect of attentional blink is emotional attentional blink（EAB）. Compared with the standard AB effect, the EAB has its unique characteristics. For example, the stimulus onset asynchrony（SOA） between T1 and T2 in EAB could be less than that in standard attentional blink（e.g., ≤134 msec; Stein et al., 2009）. Nevertheless, the task of T1 recognition should be aimed at the dimension of emotional process.Although recent behavior studies have provided much evidence about the process of EAB, details about the cognitive neural mechanisms of EAB are still unknown. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the cognitive neural processing mechanisms of the EAB and verify the divergences between views of the Bottleneck Theory（Martens Wyble, 2010; Zhang Wang, 2009） and the Overinvestment theory（as well as the Boost and Bounce Theory; Olivers Meeter, 2008; Olivers Nieuwenhuis, 2006）. To achieve this purpose, the present study employed a modified dual-task RSVP paradigm referred from the Study 1 of Stein et al.（2009）. Moreover, the technology of event related potentials（ERPs） was used to examine the fast neural process of the EAB. In this RSVP stream, emotional faces（three conditions： fear faces, neutral faces, and face absent） were used as T1, and pictures of house scene（neutral： outdoor vs. indoor） were used as T2 stimuli. Partici

关 键 词：情绪性注意 注意瞬脱 事件相关电位 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]