“翻”、“译”的思想——中国古代“翻译”概念的建构  

The Thinking behind“Fan”(翻)and“Yi”(译)—Construction of the Concept of“Translation”in Ancient China

作　　者：王向远[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2016年第2期138-156,共19页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"‘东方学’体系建构与中国的东方学研究"(14ZDB083)及子课题"汉译东方学"的阶段成果之一

摘　　要：翻译研究界对中国传统译论中"翻"、"译"及"翻译"概念中所包含的丰富的翻译思想缺乏阐释。运用词义考论、概念考古的方法加以考察辨析,可以发现在中国传统译论中"译"与"翻"是两种不同的运作方式。"译"是一种平面移动的、平行的互传活动,又称作"传"或"传译",而"翻"则是一种空间立体的"翻转"式的语言交流与置换活动,两者相辅相成、互为补充。"翻"与"译"既涉及文体风格上的"文"与"质",也涉及翻译活动中的翻译度问题,有些东西是"不可翻"的,于是有了"不翻"、"不可翻"的主张,而"不可翻"并非"不可译"。中国传统"翻"、"译"思想对于解决持续已久的"可译/不可译"争论是有效的,可弥补西方翻译理论的不足。Students of translation have neglected the rich store of ideas on the subject to be found in the concepts fan,yi and fanyi(translation and interpretation)in traditional Chinese translation theory.Utilizing the methods of semantic theory and conceptual archeology,we undertook an examination and analysis of the issue,and found that in traditional Chinese translation theory,yi and fanoperate in different ways.Yi is an interactive parallel activity on a level plane,also called chuan(transmission)or chuanyi,while fanis a sort of'overturning'of linguistic interchange and transposing in three dimensional space.The two complement and complete each other.In terms of style,fanand yi both involve wen(refinement)and zhi(simplicity).They also involve the extent of translation in translation activities;some things were 'untranslatable'in the sense that they could not be fan(bukefan)and so it was proposed that they were'not translated'or'not translatable'.However,bukefanis not the same as bukeyi;what could not be fancould be yi.Traditional Chinese thought on fanand yiis useful to resolving the lengthy debate over'translatable/untranslatable,'and can make up for deficiencies in Western translation theory.

关 键 词：译 翻 翻译 可译/不可译 可翻/不可翻 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]