7种油用山茶果实经济性状及籽油成分分析  

Fruit Economic Characters and Seed Oil Components of Seven Kinds of Oil-used Camellia

作　　者：谢一青[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省林业科学研究院福建省森林培育与林产品加工利用重点实验室,福建福州350012

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2016年第2期427-431,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：福建省林木种苗科技攻关项目(闽林科[2013]1号);国家林业局南方山地用材林培育重点实验室资助项目

摘　　要：以7种主栽油用山茶为材料,研究了不同山茶果实经济性状、茶油脂肪酸组成及角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇和维生素E等生物活性物质含量间的差异。结果表明:7种主栽油用山茶的果实经济性状、脂肪酸组成、角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇和维生素E含量均存在较大差异,其中小果油茶的鲜出籽率(60.07%)、干出籽率(37.47%)、鲜果含油率(10.76%)最高;浙江红山茶的出仁率(64.99%)、种仁含油率(60.23%)和干籽含油率(38.47%)最大,油酸(82.69%)和单不饱和脂肪酸(83.18%)含量最高、多不饱和脂肪酸(5.96%)含量最低,是高油酸品种选育的理想材料;7种山茶籽油中的角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇和维生素E等3类生物活性物质含量高低依次为β-谷甾醇>角鲨烯>维生素E,其中博白大果油茶的角鲨烯、β-谷甾醇和维生素E含量最为丰富,这可为3类活性物质利用提供潜在植物源树种。相关分析表明,β-谷甾醇含量与出仁率、干籽含油率呈显著负相关,角鲨烯、维生素E与果实经济性状相关不显著。The fruit economic characters, fatty acid composition, squalene, β-sitosterol and vitamin E of seven different kinds of oil-used Camellia cultivars were studied. Results showed that the fruit economic characters, fatty acid composition, squalene, β-sitosterol and vitamin E varied significantly among seven kinds of oil-used Camellia. The fresh seed ratio of fruit（60.07%）, dry seed ratio of fruit（37.47%） and oil content in fresh fruit（10.76%） of C. meiocarpa were the highest. And the kernel rate of seed（64.99%）, oil content in kernel（60.23%）, oil content in dry seed（38.47%）, oleic acid（82.69%） and monounsaturated fatty acid（83.18%） of C. chekiangoleosa were also the highest, but it＇s polyunsaturated fatty acids（5.96%） was the lowest, therefore C. chekiangoleosa was the ideal material of high-oleic acid variety selection. The content of 3 bioactive substances decreased from β-sitosterol, squalene to vitamin E, and the content of squalene, β-sitosterol and vitamin E of C. gigantocarpa were the most abundant, which could provide a potential tree species for the use of squalene, β-sitosterol and vitamin E. Correlation analysis showed that β-sitosterol had a negative correlation with kernel rate of seed and oil content in dry seed, but squalene and vitamin E from seven kinds of oil-used Camellia were not significantly correlated with fruit economic traits.

关 键 词：油用山茶 含油率 脂肪酸组成 角鲨烯 Β-谷甾醇 维生素E 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] TQ646[农业科学—林学]