济南市护城河代表性区段底泥中细菌菌群分析  

Representative section's bacterial flora analysis in sediment of Jinan Moat

作　　者：孙长奇 李世国[1] 李鹏[2] 戴美学[1] 金建玲[3] 刘大胜[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学生命科学学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省环境保护科学研究设计院,山东济南250013 [3]山东大学生命科学学院微生物技术国家重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东大学学报（理学版）》2016年第1期43-51,共9页Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science)

基　　金：山东省环保研发专项基金资助项目;2010小清河生态监测基金资助项目;2011水环境质量图谱基金资助项目

摘　　要：对济南市护城河(解放阁)水质及底泥沉积物中细菌菌群进行检测分析。水质理化指标的检测按照国家标准进行;用平板计数法检测河底淤泥中的细菌数量;用MPN法检测肠道菌群及硝化细菌、亚硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量;用16S r DNA部分测序技术对可培养细菌进行分类分析;用高通量测序技术(V4区)对细菌菌群的多样性进行分析。水质理化指标的检测结果表明:护城河水质整体良好。基于微生物培养技术的细菌菌群分析结果表明:底泥中存在较低数量的大肠菌群,硝化细菌和亚硝化细菌数量接近,反硝化细菌数量较高。可培养细菌中还存在多种水生细菌和其它土壤细菌,其中芽孢菌是最常见的分离菌。高通量分析结果表明:护城河底泥中的细菌具很高的多样性,如在属的分类水平上有548个单元,在科的分类水平上有392个单元。研究结果表明:高通量测序技术能提供在不同分类水平上菌群多样性的全貌,信息丰富,但难以提供细菌类群的详细信息,如不能得到种的信息,也不能得到大部分属的信息(因为大部分属至今还没有被正式命名)。而传统的培养方法可以简便地分析特定菌群的数量,还能给出像大肠菌群数量、硝化细菌数量、病原菌的种类及数量等重要信息。因此,高通量测序技术和传统细菌培养方法相结合可弥补各自的局限性,为环境样本中微生物多样性分析提供更加全面和详尽的信息。The aim of this paper was to test the water quality and to analyze the bacteria flora in the sediment of Jinan Moat（ Jinan Liberation Pavilion）. In addition,the different methods for analyzing the bacteria flora were compared.The water quality was analyzed in accordance with the national standards. Plate count method was used to detect the number of bacteria. MPN method（ Most Probable Number method） was used to detect the number of coliform bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,nitrite bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. The diversity of bacteria flora was analyzed according to the results from the 16 S r DNA partial sequence technologies of the isolated bacteria strains and the high-throughput sequencing technologies of total bacterial genome DNA of the sediment. The results showed that water quality of the physical and chemical indicators belonged to the first class of water. There was a lower number of coliform bacteria existing insediment. The number of denitrifying bacteria was more than the number of nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria.Culturable bacteria analysis results showed that there were a variety of aquatic bacteria and other soil bacteria. The Bacillus spp. was the most common bacteria. The outline of bacterial diversity was indicated by the results of Highthroughput sequencing analysis. The bacteria belonged to 548 genera and 392 families. High throughput sequencing technologies could provide the outline of bacterial flora of sediment in Jinan Moat,hardly provide detail information of bacterial groups,such as the information of the bacterial species. However,the traditional culturing technologies could provide the number of specific bacteria,such as coliform bacteria,nitrifying bacteria,denitrifying bacteria and some pathogenic bacteria. Therefore,high throughput sequencing technologies combined with the traditional culturing methods could make up for respective limitations,providing more comprehensive and detailed information for analyzing the microbial diversity in environmental samples.

关 键 词：细菌多样性 MPN法 高通量测序技术 水质 大肠菌群 硝化细菌 

分 类 号：Q938.1[生物学—微生物学] Q178.1