水体铜污染对水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)叶绿素荧光及生长的影响  

Effects of Water Pollution of Copper on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and the Growth of Eichhornia crassipes

作　　者：张文斌[1,2] 谢瑶[1,2] 黄儒珠[2] 钱伟[1,3] 王健[1,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]湿润亚热带生态地理过程教育部重点实验室,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建福州350117 [3]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福建福州350117 [4]福建省植物生理生态重点实验室,福建福州350007

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期55-61,共7页Journal of Fujian Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270659;31200460);福建省教育厅资助项目(JA12083)

摘　　要：为了解水葫芦(Eichhornia crassipes)在铜污染水体中生存的生理生态机制,设置不同浓度Cu2+(0(CK),0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 mmol·L-1)对水葫芦进行模拟胁迫培养20 d,观测其叶片叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及生物量分配的变化情况.结果显示:不同浓度Cu2+处理后,水葫芦叶片叶绿素荧光参数中叶片初始荧光(Fo)显著小于CK组(P<0.05),光化学猝灭系数(qP)与光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)在0.5 mmol·L-1时均显著下降到最低值(P<0.05).各个处理水葫芦的最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)及非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ值)均显著高于CK组(P<0.05).叶片叶绿素含量随Cu2+浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,其中Cu2+浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1时叶绿素含量增加最大,增加比例为14.2%.叶氮含量随Cu2+浓度的增加先上升后下降,其中在Cu2+浓度为1.0 mmol·L-1时,叶氮含量最高,且与其他各处理组均有显著差异(P<0.05).水葫芦光合器官生物量比随Cu2+增加呈先上升后下降趋势,而根生物量比却一直上升,导致根冠比持续上升.值得注意的是不同Cu2+处理下水葫芦花生物量比与对照相比均有不同程度的降低.上述研究结果表明水葫芦可能采取先利用再耐受这一机制以抗水体铜污染,同时水葫芦采用降低有性生殖策略响应水体铜污染环境.In order to understanding the physiological and ecological mechanism of Eichhornia crassipes responded to copper-polluted water,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,chlorophyll content,nitrogen contents and the allocation of biomass were investigated under copper supplied with different concentrations： 0. 5,1. 0,1. 5,2. 0 mmol·L- 1of Cu2 ＋after 20 d cultivation. Our results showed that： Foof all the Cu2 ＋treatments were significantly lower than that of CK（ P〈 0. 05）. qP and ΦPSⅡwere significantly decreased to the lowest point in 0. 5 mmol·L- 1Cu2 ＋treatment（ P〈 0. 05）. On the other hand,Fm,Fv/ Fmand NPQ of Cu2 ＋treatments were significantly higher than those of CK（ P 〈0. 05）. Chlorophyll content was declined after increasing when Cu2 ＋increased. In1. 0 mmol·L- 1Cu2 ＋,chlorophyll content was highest which increased 14. 2% than that of CK.The contents of nitrogen increased with Cu2 ＋concentration raising at first and decreased at higher Cu2 ＋treatments. The nitrogen content was the highest in 1. 0 mmol·L- 1treatment of all and significantly different with the other treatments（ P 〈0. 05）. The biomass ratios of photosynthesis organs（ leaf and petiole） were decreased after increasing when Cu2 ＋concentration increased. However,the ratio of root / mass to crown / mass increased since root mass ratio continually descended. It＇s worth noting that the flower mass ratios of all the Cu2 ＋treatments were significantly lower than that of CK. In our study,we found that the use resource strategy of E. crassipes to resist the copper stress should be tolerance after utilization at first. Furthermore,decreasing sexual reproduction is an important strategy of E. crassipes to respond Cu2 ＋pollution in water.

关 键 词：水葫芦 铜污染 叶绿素荧光 叶绿素含量 叶氮含量 生物量分配 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]