幻灯与电影的辩证——一种电影考古学的研究  

The Dialectics of Magic Lantern and Cinema:From a View of Archeology of the Cinema

作　　者：唐宏峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院,北京100875

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第2期40-60,共21页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金资助艺术学项目(10CC077);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(SKZZX2013084)

摘　　要：《中国电影发展史》认为,1896年上海徐园"又一村"之"西洋影戏"为电影最早传入中国的例证。但此说近年来不断被重新检讨。依据更多的材料可证实:徐园电影实为幻灯放映。幻灯作为近代最流行的视觉媒介,实乃电影之前史和同史。在当时的观者那里,包括幻灯和其他各种风行的光学娱乐玩具在内的视觉文化是电影出现的同质环境。电影作为一种全新的视觉技术带来了崭新的视觉体验,是前所未有的视觉感受与冲击。根据幻灯放映的历史可以看到,一种类电影的视觉经验在电影技术之前已经展开。幻灯与电影放映共同构成了中国视觉现代性的重要内容,两者在内容与形式上的同一性程度对于晚清中国观众比对同时代的西方观众更高,这源于一种"虚奇美学"在早期电影接受中的主导地位。It is held in The History of the Development of Chinese Cinema that the projection of ＂Xiyang Yingxi＂（ Western shadow play） in Shanghai＇s Xu Garden in 1896 was the first time that cinema was brought into China,yet disagreements arose in recent years. Based on the many more supporting materials collected,this essay approves that the Western Yingxi in Xu Garden was magic lantern instead of cinema. A further research into the magic lantern projection in late Qing Dynasty shows that as one of the most popular modern visual tools and entertainments,magic lantern coincided with the early history of cinema,because in the eyes of the spectators at the time,all the popular visual entertainments including lantern slide show identified with the cinematic environment. Such observations violate the opinion that cinema is a brand new technique which has brought mankind a brand new visual experience. In fact,the history of magic lantern reveals that similar visual experienced had already existed before the cinema technology. Both magic lantern and cinema projection have constituted significant parts of Chinese visual modernity. To the audience in late Qing Dynasty,the two forms of media shared a higher degree of similarity in both content and form than to their western counterparts,which is due to the dominant role played by the ＂aesthetics of virtuality and defamiliarization＂in the reception of early cinema.

关 键 词：影戏 幻灯 电影考古学 《点石斋画报》 视觉现代性 虚奇美学 

分 类 号：J912[艺术—电影电视艺术]