动车组横风环境下的交会气动效应  

Aerodynamic effect of EMU passing by each other under crosswind

作　　者：刘峰[1] 姚松[1] 张洁[1] 张娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期307-313,共7页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11372360,U1134203,51205418);中南大学自由探索基金资助项目(2014zzts038);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(2014T001-A);湖南省杰出青年基金资助项目(14JJ103)~~

摘　　要：采用三维、可压缩、非定常N-S方程的数值计算方法,对8辆编组的动车组在20 m/s横风下以250 km/h速度交会时列车表面瞬变压力和车体所受气动力及力矩进行分析,并采用间接验证方法,将风洞实验、动模型实验得到的结果分别与数值模拟结果进行对比。研究结果表明:间接验证方法下所得气动效应实验结果和数值模拟结果变化规律一致,压力幅值相对误差在5%以内;动车组横风下交会时,车体头、尾处测点压力差别较大,中部位于同侧测点压力差异较小,同一高度、不同纵向测点的压力变化波形及幅值基本一致,车体顶部测点压力始终为负;对于车体所受横向气动力及倾覆力矩,头车比中间车和尾车的大,背风车比迎风车的大;随着横风风速的增加,列车所受横向气动力及倾覆力矩峰值也迅速增加,严重威胁着动车组的安全运行。Based on unsteady N-S equation of three-dimensional and compressible viscous fluid, the transient pressure on the car surface, aerodynamic pressure and its moment were analyzed on the condition that the EMU（electric multiple units） consisting of 8 carriages interact with each other at the speed of 250 km/h under a crosswind speed of 20 m/s. The results show that by contrasting the results of wind tunnel test and moving model experiment with numerical simulation using indirect verification method, the change law of aerodynamic effect shows agreeable accordance with an error under 5%. When passing by each other under crosswind, the pressure difference of measuring points on body and tail is obvious, the measuring points on the same side of middle part shows little difference, the waveform and amplitude of pressure variation on the measure points of different longitude directions with one height are the same generally, and the measurement point on the top of body presents negative pressure. The lateral force and overturning moment of the head car are greater than those of the middle and the tail, and the later force and overturning moment of the leeward vehicle are greater than those of the upward one. With the increase of crosswind speed, the aerodynamic lateral force and overturning moment increase by the power law, which threatens the safe running of EMU greatly.

关 键 词：动车组 横风 交会 风洞实验 动模型实验 气动效应 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程] U25[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]