近30a雅鲁藏布江流域高寒湿地动态变化及其对气候变化的响应  

Dynamic of the Alpine Wetlands and Its Response to Climate Change in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley in Recent 30 years

作　　者：刘冬[1] 王涛[2] 沈渭寿[1] 林乃峰[1] 邹长新[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]南京信息工程大学地理与遥感学院,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年第2期243-251,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAC19B06-1);国家自然科学基金青年基金(41501596);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划(KYLX15_0869)

摘　　要：利用1980、1990、2000和2010年4期Landsat、环境一号卫星遥感影像提取雅鲁藏布江(以下简称"雅江")流域湿地面积动态变化信息,并结合实地调查和近30 a气象、水文、积雪数据研究湿地动态变化对气候变化的响应特征。结果表明,2010年雅江流域高寒湿地面积占流域总面积的3.73%,其中以沼泽湿地面积最大(59.46%),其次为河流(30.19%)、湖泊(10.13%)和人工湿地(0.23%);近30 a间雅江流域湖泊湿地和河流湿地面积总体上呈增加趋势,而沼泽湿地面积呈降低趋势;近30 a来雅江流域年均温、年均最高温和年均最低温均呈显著增加趋势,降水量波动较大,呈轻微增加趋势但不显著,平均相对湿度呈不显著下降趋势。年均气温和年均最高气温这2个因素与雅江流域湖泊面积变化相关性显著,河流湿地面积、雅江5大支流干流河长的增长分别与年均温、年均最高温、年均最低温相关性显著,沼泽湿地面积与该区域气温以及平均相对湿度相关性显著,开发大坝、水库等国家建设战略是雅江流域人工湿地面积增加的主要驱动力。The knowledge about dynamic of the alpine wetlands in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley and its response toclimate change would help understand in depth variation of the alpine ecosystem of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its response to global climate change. Information dynamics of the wetlands, in area, in the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley wasextracted from the remote sensing images and data transmitted from the Landsat and Environmental Satellite #1 in 1980,1990, 2000 and 2010, and collated with the data obtained in field surveys and the recent 30 years of metereological,hydrological and snowaccumulation data to explore dynamics of wetlands and its response to climate change. Results showthat in 2010 alpine wetlands accounted for 3 73% of the whole valley in area, with swampy wetlands being the largest inarea and accounting for 59 46% of the total area of the wetlands, followed by riverine wetlands （30.19%）, lacustrinewetlands （10.13%） and manmade wetlands （0.23%）. In the recent 30 years riverine and lacustrinedams and reservoirs is the major driving force of the increase in the area of man？made wetlands in the river valley.

关 键 词：高寒湿地 雅鲁藏布江 气候 响应 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X37