绿化植物废弃物对城市林地土壤微生物量和养分特性的影响  

Effect of Mulching Greenery Waste on Soil Nutrients and Soil Microbial Biomass of Municipal Forest Land

作　　者：罗萌[1] 刘长海[1] 

机构地区：[1]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第2期223-232,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学资金项目(313770541);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(2013JK0734);延安市科技计划项目(KZD-08)

摘　　要：为了探明绿化植物废弃物对城市林地土壤的培肥作用,测定和比较了不同绿化植物废弃物覆盖量(0、1 500、3 000、4 500、6 000、7 500 kg·hm^(-2))及覆盖年限(1、2、3、4、5年)处理下城市林地土壤微生物和养分特性的差异。结果表明,绿化植物废弃物覆盖能够降低土壤密度,提高土壤保水能力,增加总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度,并且随着覆盖年限的增加而增加,覆盖量越大,其增加的幅度越大;绿化植物废弃物覆盖降低了土壤p H值,土壤p H值随着覆盖年限的增加而降低,覆盖量越大,其降低的幅度越大。在7 500 kg·hm^(-2)覆盖量范围内,覆盖能显著增加土壤养分含量和微生物量碳和氮含量且随着覆盖年限的增加而增加,覆盖量越大,其增加的幅度越大。在绿化植物废弃物覆盖后土壤微生物量碳和氮较养分的变化更为敏感,能有效评价绿化植物废弃物覆盖对土地的改良效果。覆盖后土壤微生物周转速率加快,周期缩短,转移量增加,土壤微生物活性增强,有利于土壤养分的循环和保持。回归分析表明,土壤含水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、微生物量碳和微生物量氮随覆盖用量增加而增加,而土壤p H值、容重和毛管孔隙度随覆盖用量增加而降低。相关分析表明,覆盖后土壤p H值和容重对土壤养分和微生物特性的贡献值为负,而土壤养分与微生物特性之间具有良好的相关性(P<0.05)。We presented a comprehensive analysis of the amounts of mulching greenery waste （0, 1 500, 3 000, 4 500, 6 000, 7 500kg·hm-2） and the years of mulching greenery waste （1, 2, 3, 4, 5 a） on soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass of municipal forestland. The results showed that greenery waste mulching reduced soil bulk density, improved water retention capacity of soil, andincreased soil total porosity, capillary porosity and especially non-capillary porosity, which the more amounts of mulching greenerywaste, the a larger increase. Greenery waste mulching reduced soil pH, and the soil pH gradually reduced with the amounts ofmulching greenery waste. In the range of mulching amounts （7 500 kg·hm-2） applied in this experiment, mulching also significantlyenhanced contents of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass, and the soil microbial biomass were more sensitive than soil nutrientsunder the mulching greenery waste. The mulch also significantly raised the contents of microbial biomass carbon and microbialbiomass nitrogen, accelerated microbial turnover rate, shorten microbial turnover time, increased microbial transfer capacity andactivate soil microbial activity, which was beneficial to recycling and maintaining soil fertility. Regression analysis showed that soilwater content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total porosity, capillary porosity, microbial biomasscarbon and microbial biomass nitrogen increased with the increase of the amounts of mulching greenery waste, soil pH and bulkdensity and capillary porosity decreased with the increase of the amounts of mulching greenery waste. Correlation analysis showedthat soil pH, bulk density had a negative correlation with soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass, and soil nutrients had a goodcorrelation with microbial biomass （P 〈 0.05）.

关 键 词：绿化植物废弃物 城市林地 土壤养分 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S157[农业科学—土壤学]