不同生物炭添加量对土壤中氮磷淋溶损失的影响  

Effects of Biochar with Different Additive Amounts on the Leaching Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Soils

作　　者：李卓瑞 韦高玲 

机构地区：[1]广东实验中学,广东广州510375 [2]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所//广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第2期333-338,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2014A030310141);广东省科技计划项目(2014B030301030)

摘　　要：蔬菜生产中普遍存在过量施肥等不合理施肥现象,氮磷养分大量累积于表层土壤。在降雨或灌溉作用下,氮磷养分容易发生淋溶损失,造成地下水硝酸盐污染。因此,研究菜地土壤中氮磷养分的淋溶损失及其控制措施对保护地下水资源具有重要意义。作为一种新兴的功能材料,生物炭具有比表面积大、吸附性能好、稳定性强等特点,常被用作土壤改良剂来改善土壤性质和减少氮磷养分的淋溶损失。该研究采用室内模拟土柱淋溶试验,测定淋溶液中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量,探讨不同生物炭添加量(质量分数分别为0%、2%、4%、6%和8%)对菜地土壤中氮磷养分淋溶损失的影响。结果表明,土壤中添加生物炭能够有效减少TN和TP的淋失,添加量为2%、4%、6%和8%与不添加生物炭的对照相比,TN的淋失量分别显著减少17.6%、24.7%、30.6%和37.7%(P<0.05),TP的淋失量分别显著降低26.0%、12.0%、15.7%和19.7%(P<0.05);该试验中对土壤TN和TP淋失抑制效果最佳的生物炭添加量分别为8%和2%;施用生物炭能够有效降低土壤中TN和TP的淋失风险,是控制菜地土壤中氮磷养分淋溶损失的有效措施。In vegetable productions, a large amount of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） are accumulated in surface soils due toexceesive and irrational fertilization. The nutrients might be leached under rainfall and irrigation conditions, leading to nitratepollution in groundwater. Thus, it is of great significance to study the leaching loss of N and P in vegetable soils and controlmeasures for protecting groundwater resources. As an emerging functional material, biochar is characteristic of large surface area,good absorption performance and advanced stability, which is usually used as soil amendments to ameliorate the character of soil anddecrease the leaching loss of N and P nutrients. Based on soil column leaching treatments with different additive amounts of biochar（0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%）, concentrations of TN and TP in leachate were determined to explore the effects of biochar on theleaching loss of N and P in vegetable soils. When 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of biochar was added in soil, the leaching loss of TN wassignificantly reduced by 17.6%, 24.7%, 30.6% and 37.7% respectively compared to the control with no biochar addition （P 〈 0.05）.The leakage of TP was also significantly decreased by 26.0%, 12.0%, 15.7% and 19.7%, respectively （P 〈 0.05）. The optimalamounts of biochar addition for controlling the leaching loss of TN and TP were 8% and 2%, respectively. The present studydemonstrated that adding biochar in soil could effectively reduce the leakage of TN and TP in the soil profile, which might be treatedas an efficient way to control the leaching loss of nitrogen and phosphorus.

关 键 词：生物炭 氮磷 淋失 菜地土壤 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X171