符号数量和非符号数量的空间表征:5岁儿童的SNARC效应和距离效应  

The Spatial Representation of Symbolic Magnitude and Non-symbolic Magnitude: SNARC Effect and Distance Effect of 5-Year-Olds

作　　者：胡林成[1] 熊哲宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]泰州学院教育科学学院,泰州225300 [2]华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院,上海200062

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第2期364-370,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：江苏省教育科学"十二五"规划课题"3-9岁儿童数学认知机制与优化教育研究"(批准号:D/2011/01/108);泰州学院2013年度教授(博士)科研基金项目"离散量加工心理机制的实验研究"(编号:TZXY2013JBJJ007)的资助

摘　　要：对物理刺激的数量信息表征是符号数字表征的前提和基础,据此假设在儿童的SNARC效应发生的时序问题上,非符号数量(如面积)的空间表征早于符号数量(如阿拉伯数字)的空间表征。本研究邀请5岁幼儿完成数字比较和面积比较两类任务,结果发现在数字比较任务中没有出现SNARC效应,但却存在距离效应;在面积比较任务中出现了SNARC效应和距离效应。可以推断,在阿拉伯数字的空间表征出现之前,儿童已经能够对非符号数量信息进行空间表征。The original report of the SNARC effect （Spatial Numerical Association Response Code） （Dehaene et al., 1993） showed that in a parityjudgment task, small numbers were responded to faster with the left hand while large numbers were responded to faster with the right hand. Accordingto Dehaene et al. （1993）, the SNARC effect depends on the quantitative representation of number, such as a left-to-right-oriented analog number line. Berch et al. （1999） performed the first study to investigate the SNARC effect in children by using a parity judgment task. The SNARC effectwas observed from 9 year-old children and it decreased with increasing age. As for the 7-year-old children, there was no SNARC effect in magnitudejudgment tasks. Previous findings indicate that the SNARC effect can be influenced by children＇s groWing numerical skills and task demands. By utilizingmagnitude judgment task and area comparison task that are relevant to magnitude, we set the main goal of the current study as to explore whetherthe children, who can recognize Arabic numbers but are not familiar with numbers because of lacking adequate amount of mathematical training,demonstrate characteristics of spatial encoding in representations of numbers or area. We hypothesized that spatial representations would beautomatically activated when 5 year-old children were able to represent the magnitude of a circle area rather than magnitude of an Arabic number.In order to reduce the influence of mathematical training, we selected 5-year-old of a kindergarten as participants, as they could discriminate Arabicnumbers but were not very familiar with them. There were two kinds of tasks. The first one was magnitude judgment tasks which was adopted by vanGalen ＆ Reitsma（2008）. Their studies had found that 7-year-olds could activate mental number line. We assumed that there would be no SNARCeffect in magnitude judgment tasks for the children much younger than 7-year-old. The second type was area comparison tasks which were easier thanmagnitude

关 键 词：5岁幼儿 数字比较 面积比较 SNARC效应 距离效应 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]