不同人工栽培培养基对蛹虫草子实体发育的影响及效益分析  

Growth Effects and Benefit Analysis on Fruiting Body Artificial Cultivation of Cordyceps militaris in Different Culture Media

作　　者：努尔买买提[1] 焦子伟[1] 杨晓绒[1] 张娜[1] 梁月[2] 

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范学院化学与生物科学学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第2期359-366,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：自治区科技支疆项目(2014091153);辽宁省高等学校优秀科技人才支持计划(LR2015058)~~

摘　　要：【目的】蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris)又名北虫草、北冬虫夏草,是一种药(食)用真菌,具有替代名贵中药冬虫夏草的潜力,目前已大规模开发利用;但在人工栽培过程中,仍存在栽培基质配方不佳、子实体形成及优质率不高等问题。【方法】从新疆天山区域采集野生蛹虫草子实体,经分离纯化,筛选出优良菌株,设计不同的人工栽培培养基配方,在恒温培养条件下,明确不同培养基对新疆蛹虫草的子实体生长影响。【结果】不同培养基对蛹虫草的菌丝生长及子实体形成发育具有差异性影响。与对照处理相比,其它处理对蛹虫草的子实体长度、鲜重、干重、鲜干比、生物转化率,以及每瓶投入、产出和净利润等方面均呈显著性差异(P<0.05);不同的培养基配方对蛹虫草的菌丝、子实体形成具有重要的影响,处理1(大米培养基,20 g/瓶)和处理10(大米∶小麦∶水稻壳=6∶3∶1)表现最好。【结论】蛹虫草人工栽培可使用处理1或处理10配方培养基适宜新疆地区蛹虫草的规模化生产,丰富该地区人工栽培蛹虫草培养基配方,为伊犁乃至新疆大面积人工栽培蛹虫草提供技术支持。【Objective】Cordyceps militaris,known as the north Cordyceps militaris or north Cordyceps sinensis,is a kind of medical and edible fungus. Currently,it is widely developed and utilized to be a complementary source of Cordyceps sinensis. However,there are still many concerns of medium ingredients,fruiting- body formation,and quality for the artificial culturing fruiting body of C. militaris. 【Method】In this study,wild C. militaris was collected,isolated,and purified to obtain the good qualified strains from Tianshan area in Xinjiang. The different artificial cultivation medium ingredients were designed based on the comprehensive consideration of locally featured natural resources to understand and optimize the effects of different artificially cultivate media in C. militaris. 【Result】The different media affected the hyphal growth and formation and development of fruiting body of C. militaris. Compared with control treatment,fruiting body length,fresh weight,dry weight,ratio of fresh- and- dry weight,biotransformation ratio,the input / output of product,and net profit per bottle of C. militaris cultured in the other treatments were significantly different（ P〈0.05）. It was shown that different culture medium ingredients exerted a critical influence on hyphae and fruiting body. The treatment 1（ rice,20 g / bottle） and treatment 10（ rice： wheat： rice husk = 6 ∶ 3 ∶ 1） performed better results than others.【Conclusion】Artificial cultivation of C. militaris could use treatment 1 or 10 for industrial productions,which enriched cultivate medium ingredients and provided the technical support for artificially cultivation of C. militaris in Ili prefecture,or even larger area in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.

关 键 词：蛹虫草 培养基配方 子实体 发育影响 效益分析 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]