晚清时期西方政治学引入的两种学术体系——以伯伦知理与小野塚喜平次为中心的讨论  

Two Academic Systems Introduced from Western Political Science in the Late Qing Period——Discussion Centering on Bluntchli Johann Caspar and Kiheiji Onozuka

作　　者：王昆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学中共党史系

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2016年第2期65-72,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目"马克思主义政治学的初建:1911-1929年"(16XNH070)

摘　　要：1899年4月,《清议报》刊载的伯伦知理《国家论》译著,是西方政治学作为一门独立学科在近代中国引入的滥觞。在此之后,各类政治学著述便开始在中国广泛传播,其中最主要的代表性著作即是小野塚喜平次的《政治学大纲》。伯伦知理与小野塚喜平次的相关著述,代表了这一时期引入的两种不同类型的政治学学术体系。前者建构的学术体系是以"国家"、"宪法"为基础,围绕与国家相关的诸问题形成的"国家学"学术框架。而在小野塚喜平次《政治学大纲》一书传入中国后,西方政治学的研究视野从理论层面拓展到了公民社会,并特别强调对政治现象的研究,提倡引入社会学、统计学、经济学等多种学科手段对政治学进行研究。这种变动与调整体现了政治学研究视野的扩展、研究体系的扩大与研究方法的扩充。In April 1899,Allgemeine Staatslehre,a book translated by Bluntschli,was published on The China Discussion,marking the beginning of the introduction of western political science into modern China as an independent subject. After that,various kinds of translated books about political science began to spread in China. Among them the representative work was Outline of Political Science by Onotsuka Kiheiji. Relevant writings of Bluntchli Johann Caspar and Kiheiji Onozuka represented the two different types of political science academic systems introduced in this period. The academic system constructed by the former was based on the＂state＂and the＂constitution＂,and it formed an academic framework of＂theory of the state＂focusing on relevant problems related to the state. While after Outline of Political Science,a book written by Kiheiji Onozuka,was introduced into China,the perspective of researches on western political science was expanded from a theoretical level to the civil society. Kiheiji Onotsuka emphasizes researches on political phenomenon,advocates studying on political science by introducing multiple disciplines such as sociology,statistics,economics. Such kind of change and adjustment indicate the expansion of political research perspective,enlargement of the research system and enrichment of the research methods.

关 键 词：晚清 政治学 伯伦知理 小野塚喜平次 学科史 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]