光温因子对不同播期芝麻主要性状的影响研究  

Effect of Light and Temperature Factors on Main Characters of Sesame Under Different Sowing Times

作　　者：颜小文[1] 乐美旺[1] 饶月亮[1] 孙建[1] 颜廷献[1] 周红英[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院作物研究所,南昌330200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第9期112-118,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家芝麻产业技术体系建设项目"国家芝麻产业技术体系良种扩繁与种子生产"(CARS-15-1-04);江西省农业科学院科技创新团队建设基金"江西省农科院芝麻创新团队建设"(2013CJJ004)

摘　　要：研究不同播期芝麻主要性状受光温因子影响的变化规律,以确定芝麻的适宜播期。试验选用3个芝麻品种,11个播种时期。结果表明:光温因子对不同播期芝麻主要性状具有显著的影响;6月份前和8月份后播种的芝麻生育期较长;芝麻株高、始蒴高度和单株产量表现为先升后降趋势,其中第3播期单株产量最高;蒴节数、每蒴粒数和千粒重呈不断下降趋势;出苗至现蕾期积温与单株蒴数呈负相关;现蕾至初花期积温与单株蒴数呈显著正相关;初花至盛花期积温与蒴节数、每蒴粒数、小区产量和单株产量呈负相关;盛花至终花期积温与芝麻主要性状均呈极显著正相关;终花至成熟期积温与株高、始蒴高度、千粒重呈显著负相关,与单株蒴数呈极显著负相关。芝麻适时播种其相关性状才能达到最佳值。南昌地区芝麻适时播种期为5月下旬至7月中旬。In order to determine the appropriate sowing time of sesame, the effects of light and temperaturefactors on the main characters of sesame under different sowing times were studied. 3 sesame varieties and 11 sowing times were selected. The results showed that the light and temperature factors had significant influenceon main characters of sesame under different sowing times. The sesame growth periods were longer under thesowing time before June and after August. The plant height, first capsule height and yield per plant firstincreased and then decreased, the yield of the third sowing time was the highest. The capsule pitch number,grain number per capsule and thousand seed weight showed a decreasing trend. The accumulated temperaturefrom sowing stage to squaring stage had a significantly negative correlation with capsule number per plant,which showed a significantly positive correlation with the accumulated temperature from squaring stage to earlyflowering period. The accumulated temperature from early flowering period to bloom stage showed a negativecorrelation with capsule pitch number, grain number per capsule, plot yield and yield per plant. Theaccumulated temperature from bloom stage to final flowering stage showed an extremely and significantlypositive correlation with the main characters. The accumulated temperature from final flowering stage to matureperiod showed a significantly negative correlation with plant height, first capsule height and thousand seedweight, and an extremely negative correlation with capsule number per plant. In consequence, the relevant characters could be the best when the sesame was sowing timely, the appropriate sowing time of sesame wasfrom late May to the middle of July in Nanchang region.

关 键 词：光温因子 播期 芝麻 主要性状 

分 类 号：S565.303[农业科学—作物学]