湿地中黑碳的研究进展  

Black Carbon in Wetlands: A Review

作　　者：何佳宝[1,2] 高传宇[1] 吕宪国[1] 王国平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2016年第1期82-88,共7页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271209和41571191);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2012CB956103)资助

摘　　要：黑碳是生物质或化石燃料不完全燃烧产生的含碳物质。湿地,特别是泥炭地,是忠实记录和反映古环境信息的理想地质档案之一,研究湿地中的黑碳,对探讨湿地中稳定性碳的储量、长时间尺度的火活动及其与气候和植物变化的关系具有重要意义。综述了湿地中黑碳的来源及其适用的测量方法;与其它沉积环境相比,湿地环境中黑碳含量特征及其与有机质之间的关系;总结了湿地中黑碳的储量及其影响因素;分析了其与火活动、气候和植物变化的关系;结合当前国内外研究现状,展望了未来湿地中黑碳研究的方向。Black carbon, an important component of organic carbon, produced by incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels. Black carbon was produced by natural and anthropogenic sources and emitted into atmosphere. As an important component of the atmospheric aerosols, the black carbon could transport to other regions through atmospheric transition, and deposited on the surface of the marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Wetlands covered 1/5 of the earth＇s surface, and regarded as an important stable carbon pool for global carbon cycle. The big surface areas of black carbon particles might lead several kinds of organic pollutants and microorganism absorbed on black carbon particles. High contents of black carbon in the soil might change the soil environment and influence the carbon emission rates. Because the black carbon is more stable than other kinds of organic carbon, to estimate the contents of black carbon in the wetlands is essential for assess the importance of wetland carbon pool for global carbon cycle. Wetlands with peat accumulation are one kind of ideal deposition archives, and could be used to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental conditions. More and more studies were focused on the black carbon in the wetlands, and it is found that black carbon contents in the wetlands were influenced by fire activities, plants communities and climate conditions. The natural sources of the black carbon were mainly from local biomass combustion, and biomass combustion could lead both of black carbon contents and fluxes increasing. Therefore, the black carbon could be used to reconstructed wildfire activities during the historical period. The cool and drought climate condition could lead high frequency of wildfire.Cooling temperature could promote the plants growing and the wildfire was occurred at drought conditions,and led to the black carbon fluxes increased clearly during this period. With the long-term climate changing,the types and coverage of plants communities might also change, which could be reflected by the black car

关 键 词：黑碳 湿地 进展 

分 类 号：X14[环境科学与工程—环境科学]