讣告语体与逝者评价--《人民日报》刊发讣告的批评话语分析  

The Genre of Obituary and the Evaluation of the Deceased:A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Obituaries in People's Daily

作　　者：常翠[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津外国语大学英语学院,天津300204

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2016年第2期15-21,80,共7页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

摘　　要：讣告的语言学研究已有很多,但主要是从共时的角度对讣告进行分析。与此不同,本研究从历时的角度考察讣告语体构成成分和表述内容的变化以及这些变化与其所处历史阶段主流意识形态的联系。依据Swales(1990)关于语体结构的论述,通过对《人民日报》1949年至2015年刊登讣告(主要涉及党政干部)的语体结构进行"话步"分析,发现这段时间的讣告虽然个别话步中的"步骤"有所增减,但整体话步结构没有明显变化。之后,依据Fairclough的批评话语分析模式观察"步骤"变化与讣告内容之间的联系,发现在看似结构形式不变的讣告中,对去世政要的评价方式、对政要去世本身的重视程度、以及由此引发的生死观都在悄然发生变化。To complement the synchronic studies of obituaries in the field of linguistics,this paper takes a diachronic perspective to observe changes in the generic structures of obituaries and their relations with the ideologies in the relevant historical period.Firstly,applying Swales' genre analysis to the observation of the generic structures of obituaries published in People's Daily during 1949-2015,the paper discovers that the move structure of the obituaries remains unchanged except for addition or deletion of 'steps' in certain moves.The paper then proceeds with using Fairclough's model of critical discourse analysis to interpret these changes in 'steps'.It concludes that the evaluative way of the deceased,the attitudes towards the reporting itself,as well as the view of life and death are seen changing in the obituaries.

关 键 词：讣告 语体分析 话语与变化 批评话语分析 

分 类 号：H15[语言文字—汉语]