明前期的江南卫所与赋役征调  

The Establishment of Fortresses in Jiangnan and the Requisition of Corvee in the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：曹循[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第2期152-160,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AZS006)

摘　　要：明朝在江南地区设置密集的卫所,不但改变了汉唐宋屯兵北重南轻的格局,而且超过了元代江南镇戍的规模。明前期的江南卫所承担着为其他地区提供兵源、生产与转运军国之需的任务,是明朝充分利用江南人力、物力资源的有力工具,也是全民当差户役法的重要组成部分。数十万卫所军实质上是为国家耕种供役的农奴。军役的大规模强制签发,军屯落后的生产关系,与唐宋变革以来江南社会发展潮流背道而驰。明前期卫所的密集设置在相当程度上改变了江南原有的社会结构。The Ming Dynasty established a dense web of fortresses in Jiangnan. This changed the Han, Tang, and Song Dynasty’s convention to station more of their troops in the north of China. Its scale of troops stationed in Jiangnan even surpassed the scale of the Yuan Dynasty’s troops in the same area. The Ming Dynasty’s fortresses in Jiangnan were responsible for offering troops to other areas, for production, and for transporting the necessities of the army or the nation. This system was an effective tool to completely utilize the human and material resources in Jiangnan, and was an important part of Ming’s military service law that required all families to have their members serve in the army. The several hundred thousand troops in the fortresses were actually serfs raising crops for the nation. The large scale compulsory military service and the underdeveloped relations of production as represented by the fortresses were inconsistent with the social development of Jiangnan after the series of reformations in the Tang and Song Dynasty. The dense web of fortresses in Jiangnan in the early Ming Dynasty significantly altered the original social structure of that area.

关 键 词：明前期 江南 卫所 屯田 漕运 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]