制粉和分层研磨对小麦中赭曲霉毒素A的去除效果  

Reduction Effect of Ochratoxin A During Wheat Milling and Dehulling Process

作　　者：彭春红[1,2,3] 王丽[1] 安凤平[2] 李淑荣[1] 罗红霞[1] 王强[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京农业职业学院食品生物技术学院,北京102442 [2]福建农林大学食品科学学院,福州350002 [3]农业部农产品加工与质量控制重点开放实验室中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2016年第3期7-11,共5页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD29B03);北京农业职业学院技术研发与示范推广(XY-YF-14-22)

摘　　要：以人工染菌的小麦为原料,对小麦进行扫描电镜观察、制粉和分层研磨,分析小麦中赭曲霉菌丝体的分布规律以及加工工艺对赭曲毒素A（OTA）的去除效果。结果发现,赭曲霉菌丝体主要依附在小麦两端的表皮上,并逐步向内延伸。OTA含量为2.26~185.4μg/kg的小麦制得的小麦粉中OTA含量减少了50%~68%。麸皮和细麸中OTA平均总量之和约为72.75%,OTA主要分布于小麦的麸皮和细麸中,而在胚乳中则很少。通过检测小麦经分层碾磨设备后各样品的OTA含量,发现分层研磨可以有效去除小麦中的OTA毒素。经3次研磨后,脱皮率约为18%,脱皮小麦中OTA的含量减少了44%~63.06%。在制粉和分层研磨过程中并没有促进OTA的生成或消除,只是对其进行重新分布。The distribution of Aspergillus ochraceus in wheat and the reduction of OTA during milling and dehuliing process were investigated with artificial contamination wheat. It was observed that Aspergillus ochraceus hyphae were mainly grown on the top and root of the wheat by scanning electron microscope. Ochratoxin are mainly depended on epidermis of two ends of wheat and extend to the inside. The concentration of OTA in flour was decreased by50% ~ 68% after the wheat with the OTA concentration of 2. 26 ~ 185. 4 μg / kg was milled. The average amount of OTA in bran and shorts accounted for about 72. 75% of OTA in wheat,thus it decreased the content of OTA in endosperm. The dehulling process could remove OTA effectively by detecting the OTA in wheat and epidermis collected before and after layered milling. The content of OTA in wheat decreased by 44% ~ 63. 06% after about 18% of wheat tissue was removed. It was a redistribution process without OTA transferred or decomposed during milling or dehulling process.

关 键 词：小麦 OTA 制粉 分层研磨 去除 

分 类 号：TS213.2[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]