环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染特征及控制对策  

Advances on agricultural non-point source pollution and the control in regions around Hung-tse Lake

作　　者：徐勇峰[1] 陈子鹏[1] 吴翼[1] 朱咏莉[1] 李萍萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京林业大学生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20131424);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：洪泽湖是位于江苏省西北部的我国第四大淡水湖泊,同时是南水北调东线工程的重要节点湖泊。然而,目前洪泽湖水质总体状况仍呈下降趋势,其中面源污染是重要原因之一。笔者对环洪泽湖地区农业面源污染的特点、来源与诱因以及控制技术等进行系统评述,分析认为:不合理的化肥施用是该区域第一大面源污染来源;围网养殖区无序规划及大量外源性饵料的投加,使得水产养殖的污染排放呈现增加趋势;畜禽养殖污染物的排放、农村污水及废弃物的随意丢弃等造成的污染总量也仍然很大。环洪泽湖区域农业面源污染的控制对策为:1发展生态农业,科学施肥和施药;2开展围网养殖的综合整治,改善养殖模式;3加强污水管控,农业废弃物的循环利用;4优化土地利用方式,实现农田、林地、湿地协同控污。Hung-tse Lake, located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China. It is also one of the key hinge lakes in the east route of the south-to-north water transfer project. However, the water quality for the lake was worse than grade V according to the Environmental Quality Standard of Surface Water of the People＇s Republic of China. Non-point source pollution around the lake was considered one of the main reasons. In the present study, the feature, sources, inducement, control and management of agricultural non-point pollution around the lake were reviewed. We held that the unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer was the largest source of the pollution. Aquaculture pollution was substantially increasing due to the facts of the ineffective management to enclosure culture and the abuse of exogenous diets. In addition, the emissions of livestock and poultry breeding, rural sewage and unordered waste management were the main contributors of the pollution. Therefore, the control strategies for the agricuhnral non- point source pollution in the regions should focused on ① developing ecological agriculture with reasonable applications of fertilizer and pesticides, ②integrating and optimizing the aquaculture, ③ improving the treatment of rural sewage and recycling of agricultural wastes, ④ reducing pollution by enhancing the land use among farmlands, woodlands and wet- lands.

关 键 词：洪泽湖 面源污染 控制对策 湿地 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]