校车正面和侧翻碰撞中儿童乘员动力学响应有限元分析  

Finite Element Analysis of Kinematic Behavior and Injuries of Child Occupant in School Bus Collision

作　　者：韩勇[1,2] 蓝平辉 谢金萍[1] 王方[1] 水野幸治[3] 纪碧端 

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院,福建厦门361024 [2]第三军医大学,重庆400038 [3]名古屋大学 [4]厦门金龙旅行车有限公司,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《汽车工程学报》2016年第2期115-124,共10页Chinese Journal of Automotive Engineering

基　　金：厦门市科学技术计划项目(3502Z20153023);国家外国专家局高端外国专家团队项目(GDT20143600027);福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培养计划;福建省自然科学基金(面上)(15161075)

摘　　要：为了研究校车碰撞事故中不同约束条件下儿童乘员的动力学响应及对损伤参数的影响,应用有限元方法建立校车与Hybrid Ⅲ6YO儿童假人的有限元分析模型。对比校车侧翻、顶压及儿童座椅试验结果,验证了模型的有效性。研究了在无安全带、两点式安全带、三点式安全带约束条件下,儿童乘员在校车正面碰撞(碰撞速度为20 km/h、30 km/h、40 km/h)和侧翻工况下的儿童的动力学响应及损伤参数:头部加速度[头部损伤指标(Head Injury Criterion,HIC)]、位移量、胸部合成加速度(胸部损伤指标ThAC)。仿真结果表明,正面碰撞速度对儿童损伤风险的影响显著,在无安全带和两点式安全带约束下的儿童头部加速度比三点式安全带约束下的高,且峰值超出了FMVSS213法规所规定的基准值784 m/s^2。在侧翻碰撞中,碰翻侧的儿童与车身侧围结构发生碰撞导致头部和胸部加速度高,损伤风险较大。研究结果可作为专用校车儿童乘员保护研究的参考依据。The paper investigated the influence of different types of seats on the dynamic response of child occupant and injury parameters in school bus collisions. An analysis model for the school bus with Hybrid III 6YO child occupant dummy was developed by using finite element（FE） method. The school bus FE model was validated by comparing the results to those obtained from rollover and top-compression tests for school bus and the test for child seat. The dynamic response of the child occupant and injuries parameters,including head acceleration,HTC value,displacement and chest resultant acceleration,were analyzed in a front impact event,with impact velocity of 20,30,and 40 km/h,and in rollover scenarios constrained with 2-and 3-point belts or without a belt. The simulation results show a significant influence of impact velocity on the injury risk of child occupants. The child head accelerations were larger in the simulation without seatbelt and with a 2-point belt than that while using 3-point belt,moreover,the peak value was beyond the tolerance limits of 80 g in FMVSS213 regulations. The injury risk of the child occupant on the impact side was high due to the collision between the head and the side structures,resulting in high head and chest accelerations. The conclusions can be used as a reference for research on school bus child occupant protection.

关 键 词：校车事故 儿童乘员安全性 正面碰撞 侧翻 有限元分析 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程] U461.91[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]