餐厨垃圾半固态发酵产Bt生物农药及其稳定性  

Bt biopesticide produced by semi-solid state fermentation from kitchen waste and its stability

作　　者：邹惠[1,2] 张文毓[1] 姜林[1] 姚珏君[1] 梁竞[1] 汪群慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京市环境保护科学研究院污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点试验室,北京100037 [2]北京科技大学环境工程系,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第5期268-273,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金(No.8144048);北京市环境保护科学研究院科技基金(No.2013B06)

摘　　要：为降低苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）生物农药的生产成本,该研究采用餐厨垃圾为原料半固态发酵生产Bt生物农药,并对其产物稳定性的影响因素进行了考察。结果表明,发酵48 h后半固态发酵样品中的伴孢晶体产率较相同体积的固态发酵样品和液态发酵样品分别提高了54%和162%。体系含盐量、p H值、温度及紫外线4种常见因素中,体系含盐量的变化对伴孢晶体稳定性的影响并不显著;温度对伴孢晶体稳定性的影响显著,但当体系温度在0～60℃间变化时,各组数据差异并不显著。p H值对伴孢晶体稳定性的影响显著,且各数据间存在显著性差异;紫外线对伴孢晶体稳定性影响极显著,试验表明,当伴孢晶体在紫外线（36 W,距离40 cm）下暴露3 h后,其毒力效价即下降50%。为进一步提高伴孢晶体的抗紫外能力,采用聚乳酸为载体包覆伴孢晶体制备缓释剂,结果表明该缓释农药可有效延缓晶体在紫外线照射下的失活速度,使其在紫外线照射72 h后仍然能保持85%的活性,较相同照射条件下的伴孢晶体原粉提高了10倍左右,并能在30 d的作用周期内稳定的释放伴孢晶体,该成果对Bt生物农药产品优化具有重要的应用价值。Kitchen garbage is usually discharged from restaurants, public catering rooms and school canteens, and it is reported that 2000 t kitchen garbage would be produced per day in Beijing, China. In other big cities similar phenomena can be observed, and it is reported that half of the municipal waste is composed of kitchen garbage. Kitchen garbage is characterized by high moisture content, easily deteriorating and abundant in nutrition, but it should be treated as a kind of resource rather than simple waste because it is mainly composed of starch, protein, cellulose, fat, and trace element, such as potassium（K）, sodium（Na）, calcium（Ca）, magnesium（Mg）, and iron（Fe）; kitchen garbage can be regarded as a suitable substrate for microbial growth. In this research, kitchen garbage was used as the raw material to produce Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） bio-pesticide which is one of the most commonly used and extensively studied bio-pesticides because of its various field applications, such as in agriculture, forestry, and public health sectors. However, the costly raw materials, high equipment investment, and complicated operation procedures in traditional Bt production process have seriously constrained its use at the industrial production scale. In this work we conducted to determine the potential and superiority of using kitchen garbage for Bt bio-pesticide production through semi-solid fermentation to reduce the production cost, and the effects of several parameters on the stability of the product were also studied. In this work, the semi-solid state sample with 75% water content presented the highest δ-endotoxin efficiency of 833 μg/mL, which increased by 54% compared to that of the solid-state sample（water content of 50%） and 162% compared to that of the submerged sample（water content of 99%）, and proved that using kitchen garbage as the raw material for Bt production through semi-solid state fermentation has obvious advantages compared with traditional techniques and some similar studies.

关 键 词：发酵 垃圾 农药 苏云金芽孢杆菌 Bt生物农药 毒力效价 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]