太阳能电池的最终效率探讨  

Discussion about ultimate efficiency of solar cells

作　　者：钱志成[1,2] 戴晓[2] 史鹏[1] 尹万健 娄艳辉[2] 邹贵付[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电子陶瓷与器件教育部重点实验室,西安710049 [2]苏州大学物理光电能源学部和苏州纳米科技协同创新中心,苏州215006

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第9期964-970,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：太阳能电池利用光伏效应将太阳能直接转换为电能,拥有可再生、清洁、安全、寿命长等优点,被认为是最有前途的可再生能源技术之一.虽然光电转化效率在10%~18%的太阳能电池已经实现大规模产业化应用,但如何进一步提升太阳能电池的光电转换效率依然是研究者面临的最重要的挑战.近年来,随着新材料和新技术的不断发展,单结太阳能电池的效率越来越逼近S-Q效率极限;另一方面,随着多结太阳能电池、中间带太阳能电池等新概念太阳能电池的出现,太阳能电池效率纪录在不断地被改写.本文围绕太阳能电池的效率极限,主要讨论了各类单结太阳电池、多结太阳能电池的基本原理和优缺点,分析了限制它们效率进一步提升的主要因素,并展望了新概念太阳能电池的发展与效率极限.Solar energy is considered as one of the most promising green energy due to clean, safe, long life, and renewable advantages. Solar cell is an electrical device that converts solar energy directly into electric power on the basis of photovoltaic effect. Fritts built the first solar cell in 1883. Although the initial efficiency was only 1%, it has been exciting to know that the power conversion efficiency of solar cells is endlessly improved since it was reported. Up to now, the efficiency of commercial silicon solar cell is between 10%–18%. The latest research shows that the best efficiency of perovskite solar cell has been improved to be over 20% within several years. As it is well known, the maximum power conversion efficiency of single-junction solar cells are only around 33% according to the ShockleyQueisser limit. With the development of new materials and high technologies, one issue is emerging： What is the ultimate efficiency of solar cells？ The highest efficiency of solar cell is possible to break the Schockley-Queisser limit？ How to further enhance the efficiency of solar cell？ All the questions are hard to answer at present. Surrounding these concerns, this article presents a brief review about the efficiency limits of different solar cells. It might help to understand the ultimate efficiency of solar cells. The details address the basic principle, advantages and disadvantages of single-junction, multi-junction and other new concept solar cells regarding the power conversion efficiency. The review also includes the solar cell materials involving silicon, compound, perovskite, quantum dot, hybrid materials, etc. Finally, we look ahead into the prospect of new concept solar cells and the maximum power conversion efficiency.

关 键 词：太阳能电池 转换效率 带隙 

分 类 号：TM914.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]