生态神学对“环境悬崖”问题的反思与回应  

Reflections on and Responses to Problem of “Environmental Cliff” by Ecological Theology

作　　者：张生[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学政治教育学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第1期54-64,共11页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"生态文明建设中的气候伦理研究"(14BZX100);四川省教育厅科研项目"弥尔顿政治哲学研究"(15SB0014)

摘　　要：面对日益严峻的生态危机,西方神学界内部产生了生态神学,其神学背景是面对现代社会"环境悬崖"问题,对传统神学对人—自然—上帝关系的重新梳理与反思,淡化传统神学对人与其他受造物之间关系的割裂,构建一种全新、和谐的整体受造界与永恒上帝之间的关系。生态神学通过重新审视基督教神学教义,重新阐释创造论、三一论、末世论等基督教基本教义,强调受造物的整全性,对传统神学可能导致人类高于自然界并因此肆意开发自然界的思想进行批判,要求现代基督教抛弃人类中心论;生态神学强调遵守"安息日"等于创造,并借休息的契机去理解上帝创造的伟大,理解盼望带来的是对末世更新创造的期待,并因此获得全体人类的团结等观点,不仅表明现代基督教对生态问题的基本态度是与传统神学相区别的,更创新地提出盼望伦理,指明为了盼望上帝国的来临,人类应该将这世界变得更有益于全部受造物紧密联系起来,形成和谐的受造物整体,并最终成为迎接上帝与受造物整体共同寓居之所。"环境悬崖"问题实际上是过度依赖理性、人类中心主义、取消超越维度等诸多现代性问题的集中体现与放大器,生态神学对这一问题的反思与回应绝不仅限于此,而是希望通过对这种神学内部的更新来应对世俗化世界的挑战并进行自我转化与发展。Under the background of the growing threat of ecological crisis, ecological theology arises in the western theological field. Faced with the problem of“environmental cliff”in modern society, ecological theology reconsiders the relationships among human, nature and God in traditional theology, weakens the separation between human and other creatures and establishes brand?new and harmonious ties between all creatures and the eternal God. By re?examining the Christian theology doctrines and re?interpreting basic concepts of Christianity such as creationism, trinity and eschatology, ecological theology emphasizes the integrity of creations, criticizes the ideology of traditional theology that human is superior to nature and can exploit nature wantonly, and requires the modern Christianity to abandon anthropocentrism. According to ecological theology, the observation of“Sabbath”, equivalent to creation, is an opportunity to recognize the greatness of God??s creation and to understand that hope brings about expectation of upgraded creation in the last phase, and thus the unity of all mankind is obtained. All these not only indicate the fact that the modern Christianity is different from the traditional theology in their attitudes towards ecology, but also initiatively put forward the ethics of hope. It is pointed out that human should make this world more beneficial to the close connection of all creations, and thus a harmonious entirety of creations is formed, and eventually the world is turned into a place where God and all creations can dwell on. The problem of“environmental cliff”is actually an epitome and a magnification of problems in modern society such as over?reliance on rationality, anthropocentrism and cancellation of dimension transcendence. Besides these reflections and responses, ecological theology hopes to cope with challenges from the secular world, transform and develop itself through internal upgrading.

关 键 词：生态神学 环境悬崖 基督教思想 环境伦理 生态文明 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]